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Direct translation equivalent: winding up (a company): (Pure DT) прекращение деятельности (компании) (IFC) (prekrashhenie deyatel’nosti (kompanii); L.t.: ending the activity (of a company) - Direct Equivalent ликвидация (компании) (IFC; Lingvo) (likvidacija (kompanii); L.t.: liquidation (of a company)).
The preference of Calque or Direct Loan over Pure DT illustrates the tendency for conciseness and innovativeness in the term form. It especially concerns figuratively motivated terms with their dense semantic meaning and recognizable form (e.g. safe harbor, drag-along right, umbrella project, wet lease etc.)
For instance, the term safe harbor is based on the metaphor BUSINESS as the SEA, BUSINESS TACTICS as a SHELTER. The Corporate Governance means a certain “<...> tactic used by companies which do not want to be taken over, where they purposefully acquire a heavily regulated company to make themselves look less attractive to the entity considering taking them over.” (http://www.Investopedia). The Pure DT form in Russian is oriented at the definition of the term and term form transparency: мера по защите от недружественного поглощения (IFC) (mera po zaschite ot nedruzhestvennogo pogloschenija; L.t.: a measure of the defense from a hostile takeover). The Calque form with the same figurative meaning: безопасная гавань (bezopasnaya gavan’; safe harbor) is used more often than the Pure DT form in Ruscorpora (13 documents vs 1 document): “А в таких ситуациях россияне всегда обращаются к доллару как «безопасной гавани», даже если это противоречит здравому смыслу” (Popov, 2005. Ruscorpora). The use of Calque stipulates that the form of the target term is sufficiently motivated to be used within LSP.
The term wet lease has a figurative, non-transparent form and stands for “the form of leasing, under which the lessee receives (besides the property being rented) all the raw materials, necessary for work, personnel for the performance of necessary work, uses the services of the maintenance of the property being rent, etc.; the term is mostly used for the lease of air and sea crafts” (translation from Russian) (Academic). The following Russian term forms are offered in the dictionaries and glossaries:
(Pure DT) cистема аренды имущества с техническим обслуживанием UNTERM (Academic) (systema arendy imushhestva s tehnicheskim obsluzhivaniem; L.t.: the system of rent of property with technical service);
(Additional or Irrelevant Components) аренда на условиях обслуживания арендованного имущества арендодателем (Academic) (arenda na uslovijah obsluzhivanija
arendovannogo imuschestva; L.t.: lease under the conditions of a maintenance of a leasehold property).
Neither descriptive term represented in Ruscorpora in its full form and this creates a lot of discrepancies regarding the use of the term:
“Более того, до кризиса деловые комплексы строились и сдавались в аренду с подведенными коммуникациями, с бетонными стенами, со стяжкой на полу” (Vremja aktivnyh prodazh nastupaet na rynke kommercheskoj nedvizhimosti, 2009. Ruscorpora) (L.t.: <…> to let on a lease with communications connected, with concrete walls <…>);
“Компания устанавливает оборудование, которое ей и принадлежит, а потребитель платит за его аренду и обслуживание” (Ne hotelos' by, chtoby v Rossii nas schitali
«zhirnymi kotami», 2009. Ruscorpora) (L.t.: <…> a client pays for its lease and service
<…>).
The Pure Calque form offered in the dictionary quite frequently appears in Ruscorpora (12 documents): “мокрый лизинг” (Academic) (mokryj lizing; L.t.: wet leasing): “Все воздушные суда будут взяты в «мокрый» лизинг у РОСТО ДОСААФ” (Kolobkov, 2012. Ruscorpora). Although the term is often used in Aviation, its form may be applicable to other fields, like Management. Its convenient and recognizable form can lead to the harmonization of terminology.
The term greenfield represents a classical example of a term with figurative meaning, which favors the use of Direct Loan in Russian: «гринфилд» (Academic): (Ruscorpora 15 doc.): “Есть предложение, чтобы сделать градацию по порогам инвестиций для гринфилдов в зависимости от отраслей», — говорит министр” (Malysheva, 2014. Ruscorpora). The form of the term is modern and innovative, but has zero motivation. The term form is crystallized in the field of Management, which is proven by the rare use of Pure DT and Calque: совершенно новая компания (создаваемая «с нуля») (IFC); (sovershenno novaja kompanija (sozdavaemaja s nulja); L.t.: an entirely new company (created from “zero”); зелёное поле (Academic) (zeljonoe pole; L.t.: green field).
The direct equivalent of the partial acronym e-benefits is making its form explicit in Russian: электронные льготы (electronnye l´goty; L.t.: electronic benefits (social benefits). At the same time, the form of Pure DT with the explanation is not crystallized or recognizable within the field of Management: электронное оформление пособий и льгот (UNTERM) (electronnoe oformlenie posobij y l´got; L.t.: electronic registration of grants and benefits).
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