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Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Collection
2016
Marketing Strategies Used by Franchise Small
Businesses to Retain Customers
Hilda Jordan Arline
Walden University
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College of Management and Technology
This is to certify that the doctoral study by
Hilda Arline
has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects,
and that any and all revisions required by
the review committee have been made.
Review Committee
Dr. Annie Brown, Committee Chairperson, Doctor of Business Administration Faculty
Dr. Lisa Kangas, Committee Member, Doctor of Business Administration Faculty
Dr. Patsy Kasen, University Reviewer, Doctor of Business Administration Faculty
Chief Academic Officer
Eric Riedel, Ph.D.
Walden University
2016
Abstract
Marketing Strategies Used by Franchise Small Businesses to Retain Customers
by
Hilda Jordan Arline
MBA, Strayer University, 2010
BS, Elizabeth City State University, 1995
Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Business Administration
Walden University
August 2016
Abstract
Franchised small businesses will not survive their first 5 years if they cannot implement
marketing strategies that appeal to their customers. The purpose of this multiple case
study was to explore the marketing strategies that successful franchise small business
leaders used to retain customers. The population comprised 4 business leaders at
franchise small businesses in North Carolina. Competitive advantage theory and blue
ocean theory grounded this study. Data were collected using semistructured face-to-face
interviews and review of company marketing materials. Data were thematically analyzed,
and 6 themes emerged: personalization of customer service, market segmentation,
innovative advertising, networking, brand identity, and loyalty programs. Market
segmentation and innovative advertising are fundamental strategies for retaining
customers within the target market, whereas personalization of customer service can help
build positive relationships with customers. These findings could improve customer
loyalty and customer satisfaction, which might increase the number of successful small
businesses in the United States. The implications for positive social change include the
potential for business leaders to develop effective marketing strategies to retain
customers, which may benefit customers
through an increase in job opportunities in the
local business community.
Marketing Strategies Used by Franchise Small Businesses to Retain Customers
by
Hilda Jordan Arline
MBA, Strayer University, 2010
BS, Elizabeth City State University, 1995
Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Business Administration
Walden University
August 2016
Dedication
I dedicate my doctoral degree to my late mom Donnie Pencie (Sister) Nowell
Jordan. The person who stuck by me, supported me, and whom I found comfort in
knowing she was right there by my side. I will always love you, momma. I also dedicate
my doctoral degree to Christopher Arline for his love and support throughout this
challenging journey. Lastly, I dedicate this degree to Chardonnay Hurdle, Esther Jordan,
LuAnn Riddick a formal supervisor and friend, Willie and Lartrice Brown, and my
family. I would like to thank all of you for believing in me when sometimes I did not
believe in myself.
Acknowledgments
I first acknowledge and thank God for his wisdom and his power for without him
this would not have been possible. I acknowledge my chair, Dr. Annie Brown, who has
been the best chair a student could ask for. She has been an amazing inspiration
throughout this challenging process. I also acknowledge Dr. Freda Turner and Dr. Gene
Fusch and my committee members, Dr. Lisa Kangas and Dr. Patsy Ann Kasen, who have
all been the best team a student could ask for when taking on such a challenging and
demanding deliverance of doctoral work. In addition, I thank Dr. Alecia Brooks for her
wonderful networking and coaching support. I thank all of you for your professional
guidance and feedback throughout this process. It was not easy, but it was worth it.
i
Table of Contents
List of Tables .......................................................................................................................v
Section 1: Foundation of the Study ......................................................................................1
Background of the Problem ...........................................................................................1
Problem Statement .........................................................................................................2
Purpose Statement ..........................................................................................................3
Nature of the Study ........................................................................................................3
Research Question .........................................................................................................4
Interview Questions .......................................................................................................5
Conceptual Framework ..................................................................................................5
Operational Definitions ..................................................................................................6
Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations ................................................................8
Assumptions ............................................................................................................ 8
Limitations .............................................................................................................. 8
Delimitations ........................................................................................................... 9
Significance of the Study ...............................................................................................9
Contribution to Business Practice ......................................................................... 10
Implications for Social Change ............................................................................. 10
A Review of the Professional and Academic Literature ..............................................11
Overview of Marketing Theory ............................................................................ 12
Marketing Challenges Faced by Business Organizations ..................................... 15
Marketing Strategies of Business Organizations .................................................. 23
ii
Promoting Brand Image ........................................................................................ 30
Overview of Advertising in Business Operations ................................................. 32
Advertising Strategies of Business Organizations ................................................ 34
Customer Relationship Marketing ........................................................................ 40
Social Identity and Consumer Behavior ............................................................... 44
Previous Qualitative Research .............................................................................. 48
Gaps in Research................................................................................................... 50
Transition .....................................................................................................................53
Section 2: The Project ........................................................................................................54
Purpose Statement ........................................................................................................54
Role of the Researcher .................................................................................................55
Participants ...................................................................................................................58
Research Method and Design ......................................................................................60
Research Method .................................................................................................. 60
Research Design.................................................................................................... 61
Population and Sampling .............................................................................................64
Ethical Research...........................................................................................................67
Data Collection Instruments ........................................................................................68
Data Collection Technique ..........................................................................................72
Data Organization Technique ......................................................................................75
Data Analysis ...............................................................................................................76
Reliability and Validity ................................................................................................78
iii
Reliability .............................................................................................................. 78
Validity ................................................................................................................. 79
Transition and Summary ..............................................................................................82
Section 3: Application to Professional Practice and Implications for Change ..................84
Introduction ..................................................................................................................84
Presentation of the Findings.........................................................................................85
Theme 1: Personalization of Customer Service .................................................... 87
Theme 2: Market Segmentation ............................................................................ 88
Theme 3: Innovative Advertising ......................................................................... 89
Theme 4: Networking ........................................................................................... 90
Theme 5: Brand Identity ....................................................................................... 91
Theme 6: Loyalty Programs.................................................................................. 93
Porter’s Competitive Advantage and Blue Ocean Theory .................................... 94
Applications to Professional Practice ..........................................................................98
Implications for Social Change ..................................................................................101
Recommendations for Action ....................................................................................102
Recommendations for Further Research ....................................................................105
Reflections .................................................................................................................106
Summary and Study Conclusions ..............................................................................107
References ........................................................................................................................110
Appendix A: Correspondence Letter to Franchise Small Business Leaders ...................141
Appendix B: Invitation for Participation .........................................................................142
iv
Appendix C: Consent Form .............................................................................................143
Appendix D: Certification of Ethical Measures...............................................................146
Appendix E: Interview Protocol ......................................................................................147
Appendix F: Interview Questions ....................................................................................149
Appendix G: Title of Appendix Pilot Study Invitation for Participation.........................150
Appendix H: Pilot Study Consent Form ..........................................................................151
Appendix I: Pilot Study Interview Questions ..................................................................154
v
List of Tables
Table 1. Coding of Participants’ Responses Related to Themes ...................................... 86
1
Section 1: Foundation of the Study
Every organization's first goal is to meet the needs and wants of the customer
(Aghadavood & Askari, 2014). Marketing is a vital tool many organizational leaders use
in a competitive market for survival and success, as well as knowing the customer’s
needs (Garg, 2012). Successful marketing has a powerful social impact on the economy
because it provides improved quality of life for individuals and a better world with a lot
less stress (Garg, 2012). A lack of marketing strategies may limit the attraction and
retention of loyal customers.
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