R 1 1 9 rusum li uzgich-taqsim lagich:
1- q o p q o q ; 2 - t o k u z a t i b b e r u v c h i r o t o r ; 3 - q o ‘z g ‘a l m a s k o n t a k t m a h k a m l a n g a n
p l a s t i n a ; 4 - r i c h a g c h a ; 5 - k o n t a k t l a r ; 6 - p r u j i n a ; 7 - q o ‘z g ‘a l m a s d i s k ;
8 - k u l a c h o k ( m u s h t c h a ) ; 9 - v a l ; 10 —m a r k a z d a n q o c h m a r o s t l a g i c h n i n g
y u k l a m a l a r i ; 1 1 - y u k c h a l a r n i n g p l a s t i n a l a r i ; 1 2 - y u k c h a l a r p r u j i n a l a r i ;
1 3 - u z g i c h - t a q s i m l a g i c h k o r p u s i ; 1 4 - o k t a n k o r r e k t o r n i n g
p a s t k i p l a s t i n a l a r i ; 1 5 - v a l v t u l k a s i ; 1 6 - v t u l k a s h t i f t i ; 1 7 - o k t a n k o r r e k t o r n i
r o s t l a s h g a y k a l a r i ; 1 8 —o k t a n k o r r e k t o r n i n g u s t k i p l a s t i n a s i ;
19 - v a l m a y d o n i ; 2 0 - v a k u u m l i r o s t l a g i c h ; 2 1 - t o r t q i ; 2 2 - y u k c h a l a r o ' q l a r i ;
2 3 - y u k c h a l a r j o y l a s h g a n k u l i s a ; 2 4 - s t o p o r h a l q a .
287
11.5- rasm.
V akuum -rostlagich avtom ati:
1 - u z g i c h n i n g q o ‘z g ‘a l u v c h a n p l a s t i n k a s i ;
2 - t o r t q i ; 3 - q o b i q ; 4 - d i a f r a g m a ; 5 - p r u j i n a ; 6 - n a y s i m o n o ‘t k a z g i c h ;
7 - k a r b y u r a t o r n i n g a r a l a s h t i r g i c h b o M i n m a s i .
o ‘matilib, ikkinchi uchi yondirish svechalariga ulanadi. M arkaziy uyacha
tagiga k o ‘m ir k o n tak t o ‘rnatilib, u ro to rn in g latu n m ateria ld a n tay y o r
langan tok taqsimlash plastinasiga kichik prujina y o rd a m id a siqib turiladi.
R o to r a y langa nida unin g latunli plastinasi y o ndirish g ‘altagida hosil
b o ‘lgan yuqori kuchlanishli tokni m arkaziy u y ac h ad an q o p q o q n in g doira
chegarasida jo ylashgan latun kontaktlariga g a lm a -g a ld a n uzatib beradi.
L atun k o n tak tlarid an to k sim orqali y o ndirish svechasiga yuboriladi.
M a r k a z d a n q o c h m a rostlagich avto m ati dvigatel tirsakli valining
aylanish chastotasiga nisbatan yondirish burchagini ilgarilatishni avtomatik
ravishda o ‘zgartirish u c h u n xizm at qiladi. Val (9) ga m a h k a m la n g a n
plastina (11) ning o ‘qlari (22) d a prujina (12) lar t o m o n id a n bir-biriga
siqilib turgan y u k c h a la r
0
‘rnatilgan. O bq la r ustiga y u k c h a la rn in g shtifti
kirib turadiga n kulisa (23) o ‘rnatilgan. Val aylanishi bilan m a rk a z d a n
q o c h m a kuch t a ’sirida y u k c h a la r prujin alarn in g k u ch in i yengib och ila
boshlaydi va k u lachokni aylanish y o ‘nalishi b o ‘yicha m a ’lum b u rc h a k k a
buraydi, b u n in g natijasida k u lach o k qirrachalari q o ‘zgba luvcha n k o ntakt
d o ‘n g ch a sig a ilgariroq t a ’sir q ila d i, b u esa y o n d iris h b u rc h a g in in g
ilgarilashishiga olib keladi (u c h q u n o ld in ro q beriladi). S h u n i aytish
kerakki, yukchalar ochila boshlanishi u c h u n ulardagi m ark a zd an q o c h m a
ku ch pru jin an in g k u c h id a n osh iq ro q boMishi lozim.
V a k u u m -ro stla g ic h avto m ati yondirish b u rc h a g in in g ilgarilanishini
dvigatel yuklanishiga q arab o ‘zgartiradi.
V a k u u m -ro stla g ich avto m ati qob iq (3), prujina (8), d iafragm a (4)
v a u z g i c h n i n g q o ‘z g ‘a l u v c h a n p l a s tin a s i (1 ) b ila n s h a r n ir li q ilib
biriktirilgan tortqi (2) d a n iborat. Q o b iq b o ‘shlig‘i n ay sim o n o ‘tkazgich
(6) orqali karbyuratorni aralashtirgich b o ‘linmasi (7) bilan birlashtirilgan.
Siyraklanish o rtg a n d a (a kselera tor pedali k a m ro q bosilganda) diafragm a
288
siy r a k la n is h k o ‘pligi n a tija s id a egilib t o r t q i n i t o r t a d i . T o r t q i , o ‘z
navbatida, u zgichning q o ‘zg‘aluv ch a n plastinasini k o n ta k tla r bilan birga
k u la c h o k n in g aylanishi to m o n ig a qarshi burib yo n d irish n in g ilgarilatish
b urc h ag in i 18—22° g ac h a oshiradi (u c h q u n old in ro q berilishiga sababchi
b o ‘ladi). B uning natijasida tirsakli valning aylanishlar soni tezlashadi.
M a ’lu m k i, q u y u ltir ilg a n a r a l a s h m a n i n g y o n ish i te z r o q boMadi,
s h u n in g u c h u n d ro ssel z a s lo n k a o c h ilis h i d a v o m i d a y o n d ir is h n in g
ilgarilatish burc h ag in i kam aytirish kerak. Agar drossel zaslonkasi t o ‘liq
o c h i q boMsa, d v i g a t e l n i n g k ir i t is h q u v u r i d a s i y r a k l a n i s h d e y a rli
boMmaydi, sh u n in g u c h u n yon d irish n in g ilgarilatish burchagi 2 —3° d a n
oshmaydi.
1 1 . 4 .5 . O k ta n - k o r re k to r
O k t a n - k o r r e k t o r y o n d i r i s h n i n g ilg a r ila tis h b u r c h a g i n i b e n z i n
ta rk ib in in g o ‘zgarishiga, (sifatiga h a m q a ra b ) h ay d o v c h i t o m o n id a n
dvigatelning ishlashiga q arab rostlashiga im k o n beradi. G a y k a (17) larni
bu ra b (1 1 .4 -ra sm ), haydovchi plastina (18) orqali uzgich-taqsim lagich
korpusi (13) ni ju d a kam b u rc h a k k a h a m burashi m u m k in . Bu, o ‘z
nav b a tid a , u z g ich n i q o ‘z g ‘a lu v c h a n k o n tak t d o ‘ngchasi va k u la c h o k
qirrasini o ‘za ro joylashishini o ‘zgartiradi. Z a m o n a v iy tranz istorli o ‘t
oldirish tizim in in g uzgich-rostlagichlarida bu q u rilm a boMmasligi h a m
mumkin.
R o to r k ulachok (8) ning ustida o ‘rnatiladigan tok tarqatuvchi plastina
(2) d a n iborat (plastina aylanuvchi rotorga m a h k a m la n g a n ). Q o p q o q
(1) d a k o ‘m ir k o ntakt va doira chegarasida joylashgan yuqori kuchlanishli
to k n i oMkazuvchi sim uyalari h a m d a yondirish g ‘altagidan kelgan sim ni
joylashtirish u ch u n markaziy uyachalar mavjud. Rotorga, odatda, dvigatel
ishlashi n a tija s id a p a y d o boM adigan ra d io to M q in lar t o ‘s q in lik la rin i
s o ‘ndiruvchi rezistor o ‘rnatiladi.
U z g ic h -ta q sim la g ic h yuritm asi b ir juft qiya tishli shestern y alard a n
iborat b o ‘lib, harak atn i G T M validan oladi.
1 1 . 5 . B a t a r e y a l i o ‘t o ld i r is h tiz im in in g a s o s i y
n o s o z li k la r i v a TXK
0 ‘t oldirish tizim in in g asboblari va ularni birlashtiruvchi sim larning
ifloslanishi (c h a n g , loy, m o y va h o k a z o ) tiz im d a q o c h q in to k (tok
u te c h k i) p a y d o boMishiga s a b a b boMadi, n a tija d a t i z im n in g n o so z
ishlashiga olib keladi. Y u q o ri k u c h la n ish li to k oMkazuvchi h im o y a
q a tla m in in g m oylanishi, d arz ketishi, ifloslanishi m u m k in . Y ondirish
g ‘altag in in g c h u lg ‘am lari va q o ‘s h im c h a rezisto rn in g kuyishi h a m d a
g ‘altak n in g germetikligini y o ‘qotishi m um k in .
19
-
4 9 9
289
U z g i c h - t a q s i m l a g i c h d a g i q o ‘z g ba l m a s v a q o ‘z g ba l u v c h a n
kontaktlarning kuyishi, ularning ochilgan holatida orasidagi o ‘rnatiladigan
t i r q i s h n i n g o ‘z g a r i s h i ( o d a t d a k a m a y i s h i ) y o p i q h o l a t d a t u r i s h
burchagining kamayishiga va birlam chi zanjir qarshiligining k o ‘payishiga
olib keladi (qizishi natijasida). Birlamchi zanjirning uzilishi va k ondensator
ishdan chiqishi m u m k in . U n d a n tashqari v alning va q o ‘zg‘aluv ch a n
disk podshipnigining yeyilishi h a m d a y o n t o m o n g a urilishi, siyraklanish
m oslam asi d ia fragm asining yeyilishi va un g a k a r b y u ra to rd a n kelgan
naysim on o ‘tkazgichning yaxshi m ah k am lan m ag a n lig i o ‘t oldirish tizimi
yondirish-ilgarilatish b u rc h ag in in g o ‘z - o ‘z id an o ‘zgarib ketishiga olib
keladi.
T a q sim lagichning tektolit q o p q o g h d a k o ‘zga k o ‘rin m ay d ig an darz
ketishida r o to r va q o p q o q n in g k o ‘m ir ko n tak ti kuyishi, q o ‘s h im c h a
rezistorning ishdan chiqishi, yuqori kuchlanishli to k o ‘tk azuvc hi sim lar
uyalarining oksidlanishi, m arkaziy k o bm ir k o n ta k tin in g yeyilishi yoki
tushib ketishi m um k in .
1 1 . 5 . 1 . N osozliklarni a n i q la s h usullari
N o s o z l i k l a r n i a n i q l a s h d a , o d a t d a , k e t m a - k e t q i d i r i s h u s lu b i
q o ‘llaniladi.
A w a l u c h q u n b o r - y o ‘qligini birlam ch i z a n jir va y o ndirish g ‘altagi
so z lig in i a n i q l a s h b i l a n te k s h i r i l a d i . B u n in g u c h u n t a q s i m la g i c h
q o p q o g h d a n markaziy simni chiqarilib, uning uchini dvigatelning istagan
metall qismidagi «massadan» 5 - 7 m m masofada ushlab turiladi. Yondirish
kaliti ulangan taksimlash q o p q o g ‘i ochiladi va uzgich kontaktlarini maxsus
m u h o fa z a la n g a n asbob bilan u zib -u la b ushlab tu rg a n sim uchi bilan
«massa» orasidagi u c h q u n n i sifati yoki b o r - y o bqligi tekshiriladi. Shuni
aytish kerakki, ush b u h o la td a k u la c h o k n in g qirrasi k o n ta k tn in g o chiq
turm aslik holatini t a ’m inlashi kerak.
A gar m arkaziy sim d a u c h q u n b o ‘lsa, b irla m c h i zanjir va yondirish
g ‘altagida nosozlik b o ‘lmaydi. B u n d a n keyin y o ndirish svechalarining
u c h q u n berishligi tekshiriladi, u c h q u n b a r c h a sv ec h alard a boMmasa,
o d a td a , ro to r n o so z b o ‘ladi. Agar u c h q u n bitta yoki ikkita svechada
b o ‘lmasa, u n d a q o p q o q d arz ketgan, svecha ishdan c h iq q a n b o ‘lishi
m um kin.
A gar m arkaziy sim d a u c h q u n b o ‘lmasa, b irla m c h i za njirning k e tm a -
ketligi te k s h irila d i. B u la r y o n d ir is h u c h lik la r i, u z g ic h k o n ta k t l a r i ,
yondirish kaliti, akkum ulyator batareyasi. Buning u c h u n 12 V kuchlanishli
nazorat lam p asin i q o ‘llash m u m k in .
Dvigatel q u w a ti kamayishiga uning bitta silindrida kengayish jarayoni
b o ‘lm a y o t g a n l i g i y o k i y o n d i r i s h n i i lg a r ila tis h b u r c h a g i n o t o ‘g ‘ri
o ‘rnatilganligi sababchi b o ‘lishi m u m k in .
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