Personal pronouns (kishilik olmoshlari)

7. Gapda predloglardan keyin tushum kelishigi shaklidagi olmoshlar ishlatiladi: He told a story to me. U menga hikoya aytib berdi.
8. Kishilik olmoshlari ot-kesimning bir qismi bo’lib kelsa yoki than (-ga qaraganda), as (-dek, -day), but (lekin) so’zlaridan keyin kelsa ular tushum kelishigi shaklida ham ishlatilishi mumkin: Who is it? It’s me (It is I am). Kim u? Bu men. You are stronger than him (he is). Sen unga qaraganda kuchliroqsan. No one can do it but her (she). Buni undan boshqa hech kim qila olmaydi. I think it is Anvar. Menimcha u Anvar.
The Possessive Pronouns (egalik olmoshlari)
1. Egalik olmoshlari ikki turga ajraladi: 1) Bog’langan shakl va 2) Mustaqil shakl.
Bog’langan shakldagi egalik olmoshlari quyidagilardir:
My – mening Her – uning (qiz) Our – bizning
Your – sening Its – uning (jonsiz) Your – sizning
His – uning (o’g’il) Their – ularning
Ushbu olmoshlar hamisha otga bog’lanib keladi. Ya’ni bu olmoshlarning orqasidan hamisha ot keladi. This is my book. Mana bu mening kitobim. Our garden is big. Bizning bog’imiz katta.
Mustaqil shakldagi olmoshlar esa quyidagilar bo’lib, bular gapda otga bog’lanmaydi, ya’ni bulardan keyin ot kelmaydi. Bular mustaqil tarzda “to be” fe’lidan keyin yolg’iz kelishi mumkin:
Mine – meniki Hers – uniki Ours - uniki
Yours – seniki Its – uniki Yours - sizniki
His – uniki Theirs – ularniki
This book is mine. Bu kitob meniki. This garden is not ours. Bu bog’ bizniki emas.
Yana shuni qo’shimcha qilish mumkinki, ushbu mustaqil shakldagi egalik olmoshlaridan keyin darhol “to be” fe’li kelishi mumkin: Your book is new but mine is old. Sening kitobing yangi lekin meniki eski.
2. Ba’zida mustaqil shakldagi egalik olmoshalri “of” (-ning, -dan) predlogi bilan ham kelib birikma hosil qilishi mumkin: A friend of mine – do’stlarimdan biri, a friend of yours – do’stlaringdan biri, a friend of his – uning do’stlaridan biri, a friend of hers – uning do’stlaridan biri, a neighbour of ours – qo’shnilarimizdan biri, a friend of my brother’s – akamning do’stlaridan biri.
Izoh: Yuqoridagi birikmalar “one of” so’zi bilan keladigan birikmalarga ma’nosi teng bo’ladi. Lekin “one of” birikmasidan keyin bog’langan shakldagi egalik olmoshi ishlatiladi:
One of my friends = a friend of mine – do’stlarimdan biri. One of my neighbours = a neighbour of mine – qo’shnilarimdan biri.
3. “Own” (shaxsiy) so’zi bog’langan egalik olmoshlaridan keyin kelishi mumkin: My own house – mening shaxsiy uyim. Your own car – sening shaxsiy mashinang.
Lekin: Own – so’zi quyidagi birikmalarda ham ishlatilib umuman boshqacha ma’no kasb etadi: On my own – yolg’iz o’zim, on your own – yolg’iz o’zing, on his own – uning yolg’iz o’zi, on our own – yolg’iz o’zimiz, on their own – yolg’iz o’zlari.