Personal pronouns (kishilik olmoshlari)

3. None of birikmasidan keyin kelgan ot oldida albatta biron ko’rsatgich (my, the, these kabi) bo’lishi kerak: None of the hotels are (is) comfortable. Mehmonxonalardan birontasi ham qulay emas.
ONE olmoshi
1. One olmoshi gapda noaniq shaxsni ifodalab, ega vazifasida kelishi va “kishi, odam” deb tarjima qilinadi: One should be careful when crossing the street. Kishi ko’chani kesib o’tayotganda hushyor bo’lishi kerak.
2. One olmoshi qaratgich kelishigi shaklida (-‘s) qo’shimchasini olib one’s shaklida ham keladi va “o’z” deb tarjima qilinadi: One should keep one’s word’s.
3. One olmoshi gapda bir marta ishlatilgan birlikdagi sanaladigan otlarni ikkinchi marta takrorlamaslik uchun o’sha otning o’rniga ishlatiladi: I haven’t got a dictionary. I must buy one ( = a dictionary)Menda lug’at yo’q. Bitta sotib olishim kerak. This is a black cat and that is a brown one. Mana bu qora mushuk, ana unisi esa malla.
4. Gapda bir marta ishlatilgan ko’plikdagi sanaladigan otlarni ikkinchi marta takrorlamaslik uchun “ones” olmoshi ishlatiladi: These shoes are too small I need bigger ones. Mana bu tuflilar juda kichik, menga kattaroqlari kerak.
Lekin: Gapda bir marta ishlatilgan ko’plikdagi sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlarni ikki marta takrorlamaslik uchun Some va Any olmoshlarini ishlatish ham mumkin: - You can take my stamps if you want. – No, thank you, I have got some. Agar xohlasang mening markalarimni olishing mumkin. Yo’q, rahmat, o’zimni bir necht bor. Have you got roses? No, I don’t have any. Atirgullaringiz bormi? Yo’q, menda bironta ham yo’q.
Much va many olmoshlari
1. Much (ko’p) – olmoshi sanalmaydigan birlikdagi otlar oldidan, many (ko’p) – olmoshi esa sanaladigan ko’plikdagi otlar oldidan ishlatiladi: I haven’t got much milk. Menda ko’p sut yo’q. He hasn’t got much money (work). Unda ko’p pul (ish) yo’q. He hasn’t got many friends. Unda ko’p do’stlar yo’q. Have you got many English books? Ko’p inglizcha kitoblaring bormi?