Personal pronouns (kishilik olmoshlari)

13. Agar gapda somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, anyone olmoshlari ega vazifasida kelsa kesim 3-shaxs birlik shaklida bo’ladi. Ya’ni gapda bulardan keyin is, was, has, wants kabi birlikdagi yordamchi va asosiy fe’llar keladi: Somebody is knocking at the door, Kimdir eshikni taqqillatmoqda. There is not anything in the box. Qutida hech narsa yo’q. If anything happens ring me up. Agar biron narsa sodir bo’lsa menga qo’ng’iroq qil. Somebody wants to see you. Kimdir sizni ko’rmoqchi.
14. Agar gapda somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, anyone olmoshlari ega vazifasida kelsa ulardan keyin kelgan kishilik va egalik olmoshlari ko’plik shaklida bo’ladi: If anybody wants to go, they can go. Agar biror kishi ketishni xohlasa, ular ketishi mumkin. Somebody has broken their glasses. Kimdir stakanini sindirib qo’yibdi.
15. somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, anyone olmoshlaridan keyin “of” predlogi ishlatilmaydi. “OF” predlogi faqat “one, some, any” olmoshlari bilan ishlatiladi xolos. “Bizlardan kimdir birob” birikmasi “One of us” deb tarjima qilinadi: One of us is a pilot. Bizlardan birimiz uchuvchimiz. Some of us are working at the police. Bizlardan bir nechtamiz politsiyada ishlamoqdamiz.
16. Some va any olmoshlari “where” so’zi bilan kelib “Somewhere-qayerdir” va “anywhere-hechqaer” ravishlarini ham hosil qiladi: Did you go anywhere yesterday? No, I didn’t go anywhere. Siz kecha biror yerga bordingizmi? Yo’q, Mmen hech qaerga bormadim.


“NO” olmoshi
1. Bu olmosh birlik va ko’plikdagi ot oldidan ishlatilaveradi. Birlikdagi ot bilan kelganda NO olmoshining ma’nosi “Not … a” ga teng bo’ladi. Agar NO ko’plikdagi va sanalmaydigan ot oldidan kelsa uning ma’nosi “NOT … ANY” ga teng bo’ladi: I have not a car. = I have no car. Menda mashina yo’q. I have no money = I have not any money. Menda pul yo’q. I have no time = I have not time = I have not any time. Menda vaqt yo’q.