Personal pronouns (kishilik olmoshlari)

6. Some olmoshidan “somebody, someone – kimdir, something-nimadir” olmoshlari yasaladi.
7. Some (somebody, someone, something) olmoshi odatda “bir nechta, bir qancha” ma’nosida darak gaplarda ishlatiladi. So’roq va inkor gaplarda “some” olmoshi ishlatilmaydi, balki “any” (anybody, anyone – hechkim, biror kishi, anything-hech narsa, biror narsa) ishlatiladi: I have got some friends. Mening bir nechta do’stlarim bor. I haven’t got any friends. Mening bironta ham do’stim yo’q. Do you have any friends? Sening bironta do’sting bormi?
Lekin: Taklif qilganimizda yoki iltimos qilganimizda so’roq gaplarda ham “some” olmoshi ishlatilishi mumkin: Would you like some tea? Biroz choy xpohlaysizmi? Do you want some cakes? Bir oz pirog xohlaysanmi? Can I have some stamps? Birnechta marka olsam maylimi? Would you like something to eat? Biror narsa yeyishni xohlaysizmi?
8. “Ha” javobini olish uchun savol so’raganimizda ham so’roq gapda “some” olmoshini ishlatish mumkin: Why are you under the table? Have you lost something? Nima uchun sen stol tagidasan. Biror narsa yo’qotdingmi? Have you got something in your eye? Ko’zingizga biron narsa kirdimi?
9. “ANY” (anybody, anything, anyone) olmoshi asosan inkor va so’roq gaplarda ishlatiladi va “hech qancha, bironta ham” deb tarjima qilinadi: I haven’t got any children. Mening bironta ham bolalarim yo’q.
10. Never (hech qachon), without (-siz), refuse (rad etmoq), seldom (ba’zan), hardly, barely, scarcely (zo’rg’a), no one (hech kim) kabi inkor ma’no tashuvchi so’zlar qatnashgan gaplarda ANY (anybody, anything, anyone) olmoshi ishlatiladi: He never had any car. Uning hech qachon mashinasi bo’lmagan. He left home without any money. U uydan pulsiz chiqdi. She refused to say anything. U biror narsa deyishni rad etdi. Hhe seldom buys any flowers. U onda-sonda gul sotib oladi.
11. “IF” bog’lovchisi qatnashgan gaplarda ham “any” (anybody, anything, anyone) olmoshi ishlatiladi: If you have any question, I shall answer them. Agar birorta savolingiz bo’lsa, ularga javob beraman. If any student comes, tell him to meet me. Agar bironta talaba kelsa, ayt menga uchrashsin.
Lekin: B’azan gaplarda “IF” bog’lovchisi tushib qolib belgisiz qo’llanilishi ham mumkin: (If) Anyone (who) wants to go there please meet me. Biror kishi u yerga borishni xohlasa menga uchrashsin.
12. “ANY” (anybody, anything, anyone) olmoshi bo’lishli gaplarda ham ishlatilishi mumkin. “ANY” (anybody, anything, anyone) olmoshi bo’lishli gaplarda kelsa “istalgan bir, harqanday bir” (любой) ma’nosida keladi va shunday deb tarjima qilinadi: I can go any place, any time you want. Men sen xohlagan paytda xohlagan joyga borishim mumkin. You can take any book you want. Sen istalgan kitobingni olishing mumkin.