Ferghana Valley

Sadoi-Fargona
, 88
Sadoi mandum
, 185
Sadoi-Turkistan
, 88

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434 INDEX
Sadriddin, Qalandari, 308
Sadykbek, 37
Safed-Bulon, 21
Safievam, Gulrukhsor, 197
Said, Abu, 12
Said, Sheikh Sultan, 21
Said Muhammad Khan, 42
Saidov, Khayrullo, 355–56
Saiids
, 120, 175, 283
Sairam, 32–33
Sakas, 9
Sakharov, Andrei, 207
Salafism, 199–200, 281, 282, 348, 349, 
355–56
Salah
, 342
Salar, 31
Salievoi, Urki, 157
Salikh, Mukhammad, 192, 220–21
Salimov, A., 182, 291
Salimov, O., 169
Salinization, 265–66
Samad, A., 141
Samanid, 11, 16
Samara, 69
Samarkand
, 88
Samarkand
border delineation (1917–1930), 106, 
111, 112, 113, 123
pre-colonialism, 11, 13, 17, 21
since independence (1992–2008), 220
Stalinism (1929–1953), 123, 132
Samgar, 16
Samoni, Ismail, 279
Sandijian, 12
Sari-Kurgan, 21
Sarkor
, 63
Sarts, 20, 31, 131, 171, 279, 289
Sarymsak, 35
Saryq mum
, 59
Sattimov, Abduhakim (Hakimjon), 317–18
Saudi Arabia
Islam, 338, 355
since independence (1992–2008), 223, 
227
Savdogar
, 302
Sayfuyllozoda, Hikmatullo, 360
Sazan
, ix
Science
cultural identity (1991–present), 280
pre-colonialism, 22
Scientific Information Center (SIC), 260
Sculpture, 157
Selat, 14
Self-immolation, 154
Semipalatinsk
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 34, 44
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 69
Semireche (Seven Rivers)
Islam, 339
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 58–59
pre-colonialism, 6, 21
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 70
Sericulture, 58–59
Seyid Khan, 38
Seyids
, 16
Shafi’i, al-, 355, 371n196
Shahnama
, 197
Shah Rukh Khan, 30
Shakhimardansai River, 264
Shakhmurad Khan, 36
Shakhrikhan, 143
Shakhrikhansai Canal, 254
Shakhristan
, 10, 14, 15, 16
Shakhrukh, 36–37
Shamsinur, 89
Shanghai Cooperation Organization 
(SCO), 375, 380, 382
Sharia law
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 33, 39, 
298
Mujaddidiya, 306
Namangan, 318, 320
perestroika (1985–1991), 309–10
since independence (1992–2008),
315
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 95, 101
Stalinism (1929–1953), 125, 131
Sharipov, Abdukhalil, 289, 290, 295n24
Sharipov, Husniddin, 355
Sharipov, Salidjan, 154
Shashmakom
, xvii, 169, 289–90
Shatalin, Iurii, 192–93
Shaybani Khan, 13
Shaykh-ul-islam
, 39
Shchepkin, Nikolai, 94
Sheikh Abdusattar (Hajji), 343
Sheikh Omar, 12
Sheikh al-islam
, 57–58
Sheikh al-mashoih
, 57–58
Sherali, Loik, 197
Sherali Khan, 35, 40
Shih Chi
, 6–7, 8
Shoahmedov, Islam, 89
Shugnan, 33, 34

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INDEX 435
Shuhrat
, 88
Shukuhi, Aminjon, 167
Shukuri, Mukhammadzhon, 289–90
Shurabashat, 7
Shuro
, 329
Shuroi-Islomiia, 90
Siberia, 137
Sidikov, Y., 208
Sigyan (Ahsiket), 9
Silk
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 148, 150
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 55, 
58–59, 60
pre-colonialism, 9
Silver mines, 18, 232
Sina, Abu Ali ibn-, 280
Sina (Avicenna), Ibn, 157
Sirod-ul’-Akhbar
, 88
Sirotil mustakim
, 88
Sitky, A’zam, 167
Skobelev, M.D., 50–51, 52, 71, 75, 98, 99, 
100, 168
Slave trade, 39–40, 53, 57
Sobir, Bozor, 197, 289
Social Democrats, 94, 124
Social development. See Cultural arts; 
Education; Employment; Family life; 
Health care; Marriage; Population; 
Women
Socialism
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 166, 172
Stalinism (1929–1953), 121, 133–34, 135
Sogdian language, 9
Sokh
border delineation (1917–1930), 109
Chust culture, 5
international community relations, 
379–80
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 144
minerals, 18
trade routes, 17
Upper Nesya, 14
Sokuluk, 270
Solh, 15
Solim-Domullo, 353–54
Solomentsev, M.S.
Soros Foundation, 377
Southeast Asia, 375
South Ferghana Canal, 254
Soviet breakup and post-Soviet 
independence (1992–2008)
agriculture, 223
authoritarianism, 216–17, 218–19, 225
border delineation, 225
catalystic events, 205–6
civil war, 211–17, 281
democracy, 206–11, 212, 214, 216, 220, 
221, 225
economic development, 206, 207, 217, 
223–24
education, 207
employment, 206, 223–24
ethnic groups, 209, 212–13, 220, 224
Islam, 209, 212, 213–16, 218, 221–23, 
224–25, 227–28
Kyrgyzstan, 205–11, 223–28
militarization, 226–27
national identity, 207–8, 216, 218, 
219–20
political leadership, 206–11, 212, 
213–15, 216–19, 220–21
state building, 211–17, 219–20
Tajikistan, 205–6, 209, 211–17, 223, 
224–28
Uzbekistan, 205–6, 209, 210–11, 
217–23, 224–28
water resources, 225, 259–63
Sovietization, 164–65, 172
Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, 
94, 95
Soviet rule (1917–1930)
agriculture, 96, 104–5
Bolsheviks, 94, 95–105, 119, 121
policy (1920s), 102–5
border delineation, 105–14, 122–24
classism, 103, 104–5
education, 103
ethnic groups, 100, 101, 105, 106–8, 
109–10, 111–13, 115t, 116t
Ferghana Province population, 102
Islam, 94–95, 96, 97, 98–99, 100, 101–2, 
103, 104, 299–304
land ownership, 104–5
Mensheviks, 94
political leadership, 94–95
rebellions, 95, 97, 99–102
Russian colonialism impact, 94–99
Turkestan Autonomous Government, 
95–99
water resources, 104–5, 254