Ferghana Valley

See also
specific city
Kyrgyzstan Madaniaty
, 198
Kyrk, 30
Kyzyl-Tyubin Canal, 151
L
Lali Badakshan, 187–88
Land ownership
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 59
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 
77–78, 79–80
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 104–5
Stalinism (1929–1953), 121–22, 
127–28
See also
Collective farms
Language
bilingualism, 128–29
Chagatai Uzbek language, 23
Cyrillic alphabet, 129, 287, 303, 352
Iranian language, 9, 19
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 61
Kyrgyzia, 198
Kyrgyzstan, 128–29
Latin alphabet, 129, 287, 303, 352

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INDEX 427
Language (continued)
perestroika (1985–1991), 194–95, 197, 
198–99
Persian language, 128–29
pre-colonialism, 9, 19–20
Russian language, 128–31, 197
Sogdian language, 9
Stalinism (1929–1953), 127, 128–31
Tajikistan, 128–29
Turkic language, 19–20, 128–29
Uzbekistan, 128–29, 194–95,
198–99
Latin alphabet, 129, 287, 303, 352
Law on the Interstate Use of Water 
Objects, Water Resources, and Water 
Management Installations, 261
Lebanon, 340
Left Socialist Revolutionaries, 94, 95
Lenin, Vladimir, 105, 134
monument, 157, 179–80
Leninabad (now Khujand)
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 144, 147–48, 151, 
165, 167, 170
perestroika (1985–1991), 180, 184, 185, 
186–88, 197–98
Leninabadskaia pravda
, 158
Leninchil Jash
, 198
Lenin Jolu
, 158
Lenin Yoli
, 158
Leskov, N.G., 192–93
Li Guang, 7
Likbez
, 166
Liqun, Jin, 386
Literature
cultural identity (1991–present), 279, 
291–93
Islamic, 23, 307–8, 309, 330, 331, 
332–34, 354
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 156, 158, 167
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876),
61–62
perestroika (1985–1991), 185, 199
pre-colonialism, 22–23
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 
83–85
Stalinism (1929–1953), 127
See also
Poetry
Livestock
economic development (1991–present), 
242
Livestock (continued)
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 149, 150
pre-colonialism, 4, 5–6
water resources, 255, 264–65, 267
Living standards, 152, 234, 244–45
Loans, 233–34
Lower Nesya, 14–15
Lutfullah, Mavlana, 22
Luzi, Mario, 291
M
Machine-Tractor Stations (MTS), 121
Madali Dukchi Ishan, 75
Madaminbek (Muhammad-Amin Bek), 
100, 101–2, 299
Madaniiat, 379
Madrassas
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 39, 61
Namangan, xv
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 103, 299–300
Stalinism (1929–1953), 125, 129–30
Mahalla
, 120, 137n5, 165, 166, 169, 173, 
219, 280–81, 286, 287–88, 330, 352, 
376, 384
Mahayana Buddhism, 21
Mahkama-i-shariat
, 104
Mahkam-Hodja, 100
Mahkamov, Qahhor, 179, 186, 187, 193, 
213
Mahmud, Obidzhon, 85, 88
Mahmud of Ghazni, 11
Mahzumi-Bukhari, 61
Mailuu-Suu, 148, 150, 381, 383
Mailuu-Suu River, 377–78
Main Administration of Collective Labor 
Camps (GULAG), 134, 299
Majlisi
, 91
Majlisi Oli, 219, 282
Makhram, 120
Makhram Massacre (1875), 49
Makhsum, Sadi, 62
Makom
, 290
Maksum, Nusratulla, 135
Maktabs
, 61, 85, 134, 298, 361n3
Mallya Khan, 36, 45–46, 55–56
Mamun, Caliph, 11
Mansur, 11
Maps, x, xi, 256f, 257f
Marghiloni, Hakimjonkori (Abdulhakim 
qori), 306

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428 INDEX
Marghinani, Sheikh Burhan al-Din al-,
22
Margilan
border delineation (1917–1930), 108–9, 
110–11
civil war, 13
coin mint, 12, 14, 16
Islam, 299, 306
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 152, 165
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 49–50, 
58–59
Lower Nesya, 14–15
perestroika (1985–1991), 185
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 72, 
75, 77, 83
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 100–101, 103
trade routes, 17
Margilansai River, 5
Markhamat, 108–9, 143, 154–55
Markhamat Ruins, 7
Marriage, 167
bride price, 172
wedding ceremony, 172, 174–75, 
199–200, 281, 282, 287
Ma’ruza
, 312
Marvazi, al-, 21
Marxism, 125, 175
Marxism-Leninism, 128
Masaliev, Absamat, 142, 179, 186,
194–95