Ferghana Valley

Qadis
, 120, 301–2
Qadiyats
, 301
Qalandarov, Hamdam-kurbashi, 121
Qarachiqum, 120
Qarihana
, 61
Qarluq Turks, 11
Qaum
, 312
Qazi
, 39, 57–58
Qazi-askar
, 57–58
Qazyat
, 343
Qiziq, Matkholik, 62
Qur’an, 308, 316, 323, 324, 325, 355,
358
Qutb, Sayid, 307, 363n37
Qutucha
, 313
R
Rabad
, 10, 14
Rabot, 379
Radio
cultural identity (1991–present), 284–86
perestroika (1985–1991), 197, 198,
199
since independence (1992–2008), 207
Radio Teheran, 308
Radjanov, Zarif, 154
Rafikov, Burgutali, 317
Rahim, Zubayr ibn ‘Abd ar-, 325–26
Rahimdzhanov, Maruf qori, 306
Rahmankul, 100, 299
Rahmatov, Fathullo, 359
Rahmatulla-alloma, 306, 307
Raielnt, 16
Railways
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 82
Stalinism (1929–1953), 122, 123, 124, 
138n11
Rais
, 127–28
Rakhmonov, Emomali, xiii, 180, 209, 212, 
214–16, 281–82
Rashidov, Sharaf, 142, 182

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INDEX 433
Rastokhez movement, 185, 187, 197, 212
Rasulov, Jabbor, 141, 142
Razzakov, Ishak, 141
Rebellions
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 49–50, 
52, 64
1916 Revolt, 76–77
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 75–77
since independence (1992–2008), xiii, 
207, 211, 225
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 95, 97, 
99–102
taxation, 64, 71
Red Army, 100–101, 136
Red Guard, 98
Red Huns, 19
Red mullahs, 125, 304
Red Terror, 134
Regional Information Base of the Water 
Sector in Central Asia (CAREWIB), 
377
Regional Muslim Bureau, 101, 102
Religion
art, 8–9
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era (1950s–1980s), 
158–59, 165, 170–71, 174–75
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 31, 33, 
38–39, 57–58
pre-colonialism, 10, 11, 20–22
Stalinism (1929–1953), 119–20, 125–26, 
129–30, 132, 134
See also
Islam; specific religious belief
Republic of Tajikistan, 179
Republic of Turkestan, 105–7
Republic of Uzbekistan, 106
Reservoirs. See Water reservoirs
Revolutionary Committee (Revkon), 98, 101
Ribats
, 16
Rice, 7, 16, 76
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 291
Rishtan, 14, 17, 143
River Basin Authority (RBA), 258, 260
Romanov, G.V.
Romanovskii, D.I., 70
Rudaki, Abulkhasan, 23, 280
Rushan, 34
Russia
Communist Party, 106
economic development (1991–present), 
242
international community relations, 375, 
380, 381–82, 385, 386
Russia (continued)
Islam, 298–99, 300, 332, 339, 341
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 146
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 33–34, 
36, 37–38, 41–42, 44–53, 59–60, 61
English-Russian rivalry, 53–57
language, 128–31, 197
perestroika (1985–1991), 188
since independence (1992–2008), 205, 
207–8, 226, 228
Stalinism (1929–1953), 121, 122, 
123–24, 128–31
textile industry, 121
trade relations, 60, 61
World War I, 90
World War II, 76
See also
Soviet breakup and post-
Soviet independence (1992–2008); 
Soviet rule (1917–1930); Stalinism 
(1929–1953)
Russian colonization (1860–1917)
agriculture, 74, 77–82
anti-Russian rebellions, 71, 75–77
civil administration, 71–74
cultural arts, 83–91
economic impact, 71, 76, 77–83
ethnic groups, 70, 71, 79–80
Islam, 85, 87, 89–91, 298
Jadidism, 83–91
organizational process, 69–74
political leadership, 69–74
social impact, 71–72, 77–83
Russian Revolution (1917), 91, 172,
298–99
Russian Socialist Republic, 99
Russian Soviet Federated Socialist 
Republic (RSFSR)
border delineation (1917–1930), 106–14
Stalinism (1929–1953), 133
Russification, 128–31, 164–65, 172
Rustam Khan, 64
Rustamov, Muhammadjon (Hindustani 
Domla), 200, 305, 307, 308, 309, 353
Ryskulov, Turar, 101, 105
Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 190–91
S