Ferghana Valley

Masharaboz
, 168, 169
Maslihat
, 132
Mas’ul
, 329, 330, 346
Mas’ul yordamchisi
, 329, 367n113
Matcho, Novoe, 197
Matchoi Canal, 193–94
Mathematics, 22
Maududi, Abu-l-’Ala’ al-, 307
Mavliud
, 175
Mavlyavi, Yishan, 61
Mazars
, 280–81
Media. See Internet; Journals; Newspapers; 
Radio; Television
Mediterranean, 9
Mercury mines, 18, 232, 243
Merv, 12, 21
Metallurgy
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 148
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 59
pre-colonialism, 4–5, 16
Middle East
cultural influences, 8
Islam, 308
trade relations, 8, 17
See also
specific country
Militarization
international community relations, 381, 
382–83
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 40–41, 
58, 59
pre-colonialism, 16
since independence (1992–2008), 
226–27
Minerals, 18
Mineral wax, 59
Ming, 30
Mingbashi
, 40, 43, 57, 58
Ming-Tepe, 7, 75
Mining industry
coal, 18, 145, 147, 148, 232, 243
copper, 4, 232
economic development (1991–present), 
232, 240–41, 243
gems, 18
gold, 18, 232, 240
international community relations, 
377–78, 383
iron, 18, 232
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 145, 147–48
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876),
59
mercury, 18, 232, 243
silver, 18, 232
uranium, 147–48, 377–78, 383
Ministry of Land Reclamation and Water 
Resources (Minvodkhoz), 255, 258, 
259
Mion Rudan, 15
Mirabs
, 77
Mirfaiazov, Hodja Yusuf, 83–84
Mirza, Kambar, 33
Mirzaev, Abduvali-qori, 306, 307, 310, 
313, 316, 329
Mirzaev, Alim, 192
Mirza-i-daftar
, 39
Mirzas
, 120
Mirziyoyev, Shavkat, 220
Miskan, 17
Miyan-i Rudan, 14
Moldogazy, Ajy, 343
Moldo, Sabyr, 343

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INDEX 429
Momsomol-tui
, 172
Mongolia
international relations, 377
pre-colonial conquest, 12, 13, 15, 19, 20
Monstrov, Konstantin, 100–101
Mortality rate, 247
Mosques, 312–15
Mountainous Province, 105
Muftiyat
, 343
Mughal dynasty, 13, 23
Mugtepe (Kasan), 7, 21
Muhammad Ali (Madali) Khan, 33–34, 
43, 44
Muhti, Imamuddin, 357–58
Mujaddidiya, 306, 307, 308
Mukhitdinov, Abdukadyr, 113
Mukhitdinov, N.A., 140–41
Mukhtarov, Ildar, 291
Mukhtasibs
, 39
Mukhtoriyat
, 299
Mukimi, Muhammadjan, 83–84
Mullah-Kyrgyz Madrassa, 312
Mulla Nasriddin
, 88
Mulloev, Abduholik, 356
Munavvar, Mirza, 64
Murad Khan, 35
Murids
, 175
Musa’id
, 330
Museums, 157
Mushkil-kusho
, 175
Mushrif
, 330
Music
cultural identity (1991–present), 289–90
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 156–57, 158
Muslim, Kutteiba ibn, 10
Musulmankul, 35, 36
Mu’tamad
, 329, 346
Muzaffar, 37
N
Nabhani, Taqiuddin al-, 327, 329
Nabiev, Rakhmon, 141, 179, 180, 187–88, 
213, 214
Najot
, 354
Nakhu
, 61
Nalivkin, Vladimir, 94
Namangan
border delineation (1917–1930), 108, 
109, 110–11
cultural identity (1991–present), 281
Namangan (continued)
economic development (1991–present), 
238, 240, 241, 245, 248
geographical distances, xii
irrigated agriculture, 254
Islam, 299, 301, 303, 312, 313, 314, 315, 
317–21, 357
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 143, 145, 146, 
154–55, 167
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 50,
58–59
madrassas, xv
Namangan events (1991–1992), 281
perestroika (1985–1991), 181, 182, 191
religious conflict, xiii, xv
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 72, 
74, 77, 83, 87
since independence (1992–2008), 220, 
222
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 98, 100,
103
Stalinism (1929–1953), 132
water reservoir, 150
Namangani, Mullah Shams, 62
Namangan Pravda
, 158
Namangoni, Juma, 359
Nanaia, 71
Naqib
, 330
Naqib-Gale-Ashraf, 34
Narbuta Bey, 31, 32–33
Naryn River
geographical boundary, ix, 3, 14
irrigated agriculture, 254, 255
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 145, 148
water resources, 262
Nasafi, Najm ad-Din Abu Khafs ‘Umar 
an-, 330
Nashri-Maorif, 89
Nasreddin Bek, 49, 51, 71
Nasreddin Khan, 49–50
Nasriddinova, I.S., 181
Nasridinov, Yadgar, 140
Nasrobod, 11
Nasrulluh Khan, 34, 35, 44
Nasyrova, Halima, 124, 138n14
National Center of the Turkestan Muslims, 
94
National Front, 214–15
National identity
Kyrgyzstan, 124–25, 132–33, 194–96

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430 INDEX
National identity (continued)
perestroika (1985–1991), 186–87, 
194–96
since independence (1992–2008), 207–8, 
216, 218, 219–20
Stalinism (1929–1953), 124–25, 131–33
Tajikistan, 124–25, 132–33, 186–87
Uzbekistan, 124–25, 132–33, 194–96
See also
Cultural identity (1991–present)
National Language Day, 197
Natural disasters, xii–xiii
Natural gas, 144, 145, 148
Navgilem, 360
Navoi, Alisher, 218
Nazarov, Philip, 44
Nazism, 135–36
New Economic Policy (NEP), 103
Newspapers, 88–89, 98, 127, 158, 185, 
198, 199, 303, 354
See also
specific publication
Nicholas I, Tsar, 34, 45
Nicholas II, Tsar, 120
Nikah
, 287
Nishanov, Rafik, 179, 190, 191–92, 
194–95
Niyazov, Amin, 140
Nolde, Baron, 51
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 
384–85
Nookat, 14, 15, 17
North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
(NATO), 375, 378, 380
North Caucuasus, 121
Northern Distribution Network, 383
North Ferghana Canal, 254
Nosirov, Saidkaholiddin, 357, 372n210
Novoe vremia
, 192
Novyi Margilan (now Ferghana), 71, 74
Nugmankhan-tura, 283
Nurcilar, 349–50
Nurek hydroelectric plant, 248
Nuri, Mohammad, 354
Nuri, Sayid Abdullo, 200, 209, 216, 354
Nurtepe, 6
O
Odiana, Juma, 167
Ogly, Ishaq Hassan, 38
Ogly, Zakir Eshan Rustam Mekhtar, 62
Ogonek
, 192
Ohna, 15
Oil
economic development (1991–present), 
232, 242–43
international community relations,
374
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 144, 147
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 59
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 82
Oina
, 88
Old Margilan, 100–101
Olevskii, Evgenii, 291
Omi
, 132
Opium, 55, 132
Orenburg
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 45,
47–48
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 69
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 97
Organization for Security and Cooperation, 
209
Osh
border delineation (1917–1930), 108–9, 
110, 111, 123
Chust culture, 5
coin mint, 12, 16
cultural identity (1991–present), 283–84, 
286
economic development (1991–present), 
237, 240, 246
Ershi City, 7
geographical distances, xii
international community relations, 377, 
379, 382
irrigation systems, 19
Islam, 299, 303, 306, 314, 315, 339, 341, 
342, 346, 347, 348
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 143, 145, 148, 
149–51, 167
Osh events (1990), 185, 191, 194–96
perestroika (1985–1991), 185, 191, 
194–96
rulers, 13
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 72, 
74, 75, 83
since independence (1992–2008), 207, 
209, 211, 226
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 100–101, 104
Stalinism (1929–1953), 123, 133
trade routes, 15, 17
Osh Aimagy, 194–96

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INDEX 431
Oshi, Munir ibn Abu-l-Kasim al-, 21
Osman, Ali ibn, 23
Osman, Amin, 222
Osman, Caliph, 21
Osmonov, Bekmamat, 208
Ottoman Empire, 98
Otuz uul
, 283
Oyboltas
, 47
P
Padarkush, 89
Pakistan
international community relations, 375, 
386
Islam, 307, 338, 347
since independence (1992–2008), 206, 
227
Palen, K.K., 78, 79, 86
Palestine, 327, 340
Pamir Mountains, 14, 356
Pap, 143
Papansk, 375
Paranja
, 303, 362n29
Parkent, 191
Parpi, 100