Ferghana Valley

Kizil-toi
, 172
Kizlartepe, 20
Kochkor, 17
Kohelet, Gregory, 291
Kokand
border delineation (1917–1930), 108, 
110–11, 113
capital, 14
Ershi City, 7
geographical distances, xii
irrigated agriculture, 254
Islam, 299, 304, 313
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 145, 152, 167,
170
newspapers, 88
perestroika (1985–1991), 185, 190
religious tombs, 21
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 72, 
74, 81, 83, 86, 88
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 96, 97, 98, 100, 
103, 104
trade routes, 16, 60
Upper Nesya, 14
Kokand arba
, 40
Kokand Autonomy, 97–98
Kokand-China Treaty (1831), 60–61
Kokandi, Muhammad-Ali Radzhab 
(Radzhabov), 306
Kokandi, Rajab Ali (Muhammad-Rajab), 
313
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876)
Bukhara relations, 32–35, 37, 38, 41–42, 
60
civil administration, 57–58
crafts, 59–60
cultural arts, 53, 61–63
dynastic evolution, 29–38
East Turkestan relations, 42–43
education, 39, 61
employment, 58–59
ethnic groups, 31, 36, 58, 70
geographical boundaries, 31, 57
Islam, 39, 57–58, 297–99
Khiva relations, 41–42
Kyrgyzstan, 31, 57, 58, 64
natural resources, 59
population, 58
religion, 31, 33, 38–39, 57–58
Russian relations, 33–34, 36, 37–38, 
41–42, 44–53, 59–60, 61
English-Russian rivalry, 53–57
state structure, 38–41
Tajikistan, 31, 57, 58, 64
taxation, 38, 39, 52–53, 63–64
trade relations, 39–40, 55, 56,
60–61
Uzbekistan, 31, 57, 58, 64
See also
Russian colonization
(1860–1917)
Kolesov, Fedor, 95, 97
Kolkhoz Party, 122
Kolpakovskii, Major-General, 51
Konimansur, 232
Korea, 9
Kosimov, Abdurashid, 329, 332–33
Krivoshein, A.V., 81
Kryzhanovskii, N.A., 47–48
Kubavi, Shams ad’din Muhammad ibn 
Muhammad al-, 21
Kudratulla, Ajy, 343
Kugart River, 18
Kuhandiz
, 14
Kuibyshev, Valerian, 102
Kuknori
, 132
Kulaks
, 104
Kulata, Turabay, 141–42
Kulinsk, 108–9
Kulov, Feliks, 211
Kumtor, 240
Kumys
, 284

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426 INDEX
Kuprin, Sasha, 291, 293
Kurama, 52
Kuramin Mountains
geographical boundary, ix, 3, 14
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 31,
59
Kurbanjan-Dadhah, 52
Kurbashi
, 96, 99–100, 101, 102, 136
Kurgantepa, 143
Kurgan-Tyube, 346, 353
Kuropatkin, General, 71
Kurshab, 17, 18
Kurshirmat (Sher-Muhammad Bek), 100, 
101–2, 299
Kurultai
, 100, 301
Kusha bitish
, 174
Kushbegi
, 58
Kutaiba, 9–10
Kuva, 10, 14, 15, 17, 143
Kuvasay, 143, 185
Kyrgyz Autonomous Region, 110, 114
Kyrgyz Republic, ix, xii
Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic, 114
Kyrgyzstan
border delineation (1917–1930), 105, 
108–11, 117n26, 123
Communist Party, 141–42, 194–96
cultural identity (1991–present),
278–80, 281, 283–85, 286–87, 288, 
291
democracy, 206–11
economic development (1991– 
present), 232–34, 235–37,
238–39, 240–42, 243, 244,
245–47, 248–49
agriculture, 241–42
banking system, 237
foreign investment, 240–41
global financial crisis (2008), 248
income, 232–33, 244
industry, 243
labor force, 245–46
population, 246–47
privatization, 235–36
prospects, 248–49
taxation, 238–39
trends, 233–34
education, 126
international community relations, 
373–82, 383, 384–86
irrigated agriculture, 254–55, 266–68, 
270–71
Kyrgyzstan (continued)
Islam, 126, 296, 315, 327, 339, 340–51, 
357, 359–60
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 141–42, 143–44, 
145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 
152–53, 155, 158, 165, 166,
167
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 31, 57, 
58, 64
Kyrgyz mutiny (1990), 211
language, 128–29, 198
maps, x, xi
national identity, 124–25, 132–33, 
194–96
perestroika (1985–1991), 179, 186, 
193–96, 198
since independence (1992–2008), 
205–11, 223–28
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 103
Stalinism (1929–1953), 123–25, 126, 
128–29, 132–33, 134–36
tax rebellions, 64
Tulip Revolution (2005), xiii, 207, 225, 
234, 281, 348, 383, 384
water resources, 259–60, 261–62, 
264–65, 269–70, 272