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Is there an ecologically sound but practical form of prefabricated buildings?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Is there an ecologically sound but practical form of prefabricated buildings?
As suggested earlier, a more cost-efficient means of reducing sprawl, energy consumption and 
greenhouse emissions might be to retrofit the suburbs, rather than replace existing homes with 
new energy-efficient modular buildings. But if prefabricated buildings eventually prevail over
site-specific retrofitting, they could be used in ways that reduce net land coverage and resource flows.
Prefabricated structures could also be constructed off the ground and combined with greenhouses 
for heating, cooling and ventilating and for food production. Or resource autonomous, prefabricated 
greenhouse units could be added on top of existing suburban, single-storey houses. The Habitat 


108
Positive Development
67 development in Montreal, for example, provides an interesting model for prefabricated units.
Based on Lego blocks, the design created private spaces and gardens by stacking units up in an 
irregular, perpendicular fashion.
45
But although site planning and design modifications can ameliorate 
their impacts, prefabricated buildings will be contra-ecological unless deep sustainability principles 
are incorporated in their design, materials and production systems. Basic patterns ‘designed into’ 
new technologies and production processes today can shape and restrict future design options.
For example, standardized construction methods have thus far reflected the design legacy of the 
International Style, rather than new eco-logical solutions.
Can’t standardized construction allow ecological principles to be built in?
Possibly, but this is not likely because, again, eco-logical design is site-specific. Moreover, in 
commercial development, ‘robotic’ architecture is in the pipeline. This is where buildings are virtually 
‘squeezed out of a tube’, according to a computer program. This could be better or worse for the 
environment. The prognosis is grim, however, given the current lack of ecological considerations in 
industrial design and construction generally. However, the 
potential
for more efficient and interactive 
design and construction is still there. Computer-aided design already reduces the time (and hence 
cost) of drafting and construction. It can also eliminate the need for complex and costly ‘hard copy’ 
plans. Builders can refer to 3D computer drawings on-site, and designers can make modifications in 
one area without causing unanticipated problems elsewhere in a complex plan. But deep sustainability 
considerations will need to enter the basic pre-programming phase, where irreversible decisions 
are made. Work has begun in this area [Box 23]. But while green engineers and architects may be 
involved in program design, they are statistically unlikely to be ecologically astute. So many basic 
decisions may be pre-determined by the imperatives of new profit-driven technologies, rather than the 
public interest.

Despite recent public pressure, construction processes have never been ecologically 


motivated. Due to the enormous investments in land, plant and equipment, they are most likely to 
remain driven by economies of scale and standardization. Positive Development therefore requires 
a fundamental break from business-as-usual.

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