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But doesn’t recycling materials have more negative impacts than re-use?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

But doesn’t recycling materials have more negative impacts than re-use?
Often recycling has re-manufacturing impacts. But many of the current negative impacts of recycling 
relate directly to design and could easily be reduced or avoided. Organic or healthy materials in 
building components, office fixtures and furnishings could greatly reduce resource extraction impacts, 
toxic emissions and water usage over the many inevitable renovations. Organic materials, such as 
earth, or ‘bio-based’ materials from plants, use fewer petrochemicals components in construction.
As such, they are generally better for human health, and healthier workplace environments have been 
shown to attract and retain renters [Chapter 2]. So even from an economic standpoint, the status 
quo industrialized approach to refurbishment and recycling is questionable. After all, virtually all 
products made from petrochemicals can be replaced by industrial (non-hallucinogenic) hemp or 
other bio-based materials.
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Such plant-based materials, at least in interior building products and 
furnishings, could greatly reduce the health impacts related to indoor air pollution (estimated at 
around US$400 billion per year in America).
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Healthier, bio-based materials also lend themselves 
to more interesting and adaptable designs, of which there are many inspiring examples.
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They would 
also give people more choice and variety over time [Box 54]. Hence compostable building materials 
and reversible designs may be more sustainable than recyclable but mined components – especially 
in office fitouts that are replaced on a regular basis. Currently, we are not really able to measure and 
compare basic options, like re-use versus recycling. This is because we measure costs of alternatives 
within the constraints of 
existing
commercial circumstances. We need to compare the costs of cities 
to their bioregion as a whole in both cases, not just the costs of the increments.

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