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Would durable structures be more sustainable, from a whole systems view?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

Would durable structures be more sustainable, from a whole systems view?
Paradoxically, it is in a sense the longevity of poor design and durable materials that has meant decades 
of unnecessary energy usage with toxins accumulating in the built environment. Because of changing 
contextual forces (economic, social and technological), durable incremental change tends to create 
rigid cages that preclude future options. In fact, one of the reasons that we have not provided housing 
for the world’s poor is that we tend to assume they need ‘conventional’ development. (Or perhaps it 
is because that is all we now have to export.) We saw already how old earthen structures in the third 
world could be retrofitted with low-cost wire technologies to reduce earthquake damage. Similarly
low-tech forms of Green Scaffolding could be used to reinforce buildings in developed nations.
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New and eco-retrofitted buildings using organic or biobased materials for non-structural elements 
could also increase their life expectancy through greater adaptability.
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The use of compostable 
materials would at least increase society’s capacity to reverse dumb development decisions later. In 
other words, it makes more sense to have adaptable design with reversible consequences than to 
make incremental decisions with permanent consequences. One way to support ‘reversible’ land 
use and development would be to legislate to prohibit the construction materials from being sent to 


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Positive Development
landfill or incinerated at any stage of construction (resource extraction, construction, occupancy and 
demolition). Compostable materials sourced from solar energy sources, such as sustainable farming 
and forestry, would then be preferred.
Even if healthier materials are used, don’t they still end up in landfill?
Yes, because we still usually take everything to landfill and mix it together. Little attention has thus 
far been paid to reducing the negative impacts of office renovations – whether materials are healthy 
and compostable or durable but reusable. The monetary and material flows through conventional 
renovation activity can be higher, overall, than that of new construction. For example, the design 
of modular office layout systems usually leads to a complete gutting and reconstruction of interiors 
for new tenants. Moreover, even green renovation activity is usually undertaken with a view only to 
efficiency, not to improving health.
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As in new construction, little thought is given to the ecological 
efficacy of the designs – let alone the resource flows and waste embedded in renovations. In addition 
to the often toxic office fit-outs, tons of office furnishings are transported at great expense to landfill 
sites, where their toxic components gradually seep into the soil and water. As Graham Treloar has 
observed, there can be more adverse energy and health impacts from furniture and carpets than from 
the building itself over its life-cycle.
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The transport of office waste to landfill could also be reduced 
by office layout systems composed of organic, non-toxic materials. At the end of their life spans
these materials could be ground up on the construction site and composted in urban parks, or sold 
as mulch and fertilizer to local gardeners. Building fixtures, furnishings and carpets are, nonetheless, 
generally regarded as a separate and marginal issue in green building. But just as both the car and 
its fuel have impacts, so both the building and its contents have impacts. 

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