Wouldn’t prefabricated buildings make more sense than compostable ones?
Prefabricated units could conceivably contribute to value-adding and positive impacts in urban areas,
but
not
under existing planning, design and delivery systems. Currently, most prefabricated homes
and buildings have few redeeming ecological or social features. Further, they are not tailored to the
biophysical context of particular sites. Plans for kit homes and modularized industrial architecture
have been around for decades, but can now be purchased on the web. This has been accompanied
by ‘Dot Com’ architecture, where plans can be individualized through an interactive ‘design’ process
between the purchaser and designer over the internet.
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Whether prefabricated buildings advance or
derail the trend towards greener buildings will not depend on their materials and energy consumption
alone. It will also depend on whether the infrastructure for eco-services, such as ecological space, is
incorporated into the resulting buildings and/or cluster developments. So far, even ‘environmentally
conscious’ Dot Com designs have a tendency to perpetuate design concepts, materials and processes
that are largely incompatible with deep sustainability principles. As in the case of conventional
green design, green Dot Com designs do not increase the ecological base or public estate. Often, for
example, modular houses are squeezed close together to save land and money. And, because they
are essentially ‘boxes’ connected by roads, they can replicate the existing environmental defects of
conventional suburbs.
Wouldn’t sustainability be served by housing more people more cheaply?
No one could object to more inexpensive housing – in combination with policies for achieving
sustainable population levels, of course. Prefabricated homes have the
potential
to house more
people more cheaply, depending on the externalities of their production. However, current models of
prefabricated housing are high in embodied energy, so their system-wide costs are high. Prefabricated
industrial structures also have the danger of becoming like the car industry, where, historically,
entrenched special interests have stifled innovation. For decades, corporate power diverted resources
away from public transport and blocked innovation in energy-efficient cars.
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In return, we received
a (superficially) wide array of car bodies within a very limited range of substantive design choices.
If it was not for the work of environmental NGOs, we might not have real choices today, like electric
fuel cell or hybrid cars. For example, the Rocky Mountain Institute ideas for hybrid cars were widely
published, rather than patented, in order to drive competition.
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New modular homes are also likely
to create more pressure to demolish existing homes, rather than retrofit them, based on the argument
that new homes are more efficient and affordable. After all, many of the externalities of resource
extraction and landfill are still excluded from the analyses [Chapter 8]. While reducing construction
costs to the owner, the long-term costs of conventional approaches to urban space and urban form
must be paid for by the taxpaying public eventually.
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