li
to the southwest of Guṇamati Monastery is an isolated
hill, with a monastery built by the
śāstra
master Śīlabhadra (known as Jiexian,
“Precept-virtue,” in Chinese) with the revenue of a city that was donated to
him as a reward for a successful discussion. The shape of the isolated hill
resembled a stupa for the preservation of the Buddha’s relics. The
śāstra
master, a brahman by caste, was the scion of the royal family of the country
of Samataṭa. When he was young he was fond of learning and had a good
character. He traveled to various parts of India in search of people of wisdom.
When he came to Nālandā Monastery in this country he met with Dharmapāla
Bodhisattva, from whom he heard about the Dharma with faith and under-
standing, and under whose guidance he donned the dyed robe of a monk. He
inquired into the consummate principles and sought the way of emancipation.
He mastered both the ultimate truth and the subtle theories. He was well
known in his own time and his fame was high in foreign regions.
There was then in South India a heretic who sought into profound teachings
and delved into what was kept secret, having a thorough comprehension of
abstruse knowledge and a keen insight into subtle tenets. Hearing of
Dharmapāla’s high repute, he became deeply jealous and resentful. Despite
the obstacles of mountains and rivers he came to beat the drum and demanded
to hold a discussion with him. He said [to the king], “I am a man from South
India. I have heard that in your kingdom there is a great
śāstra
master. Although
I am not clever I wish to have a full discussion with him.” The king said, “Yes,
we have such a person, as you say.” Then he sent a messenger to invite
Dharmapāla, saying, “A heretic of South India has come from a distance of
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Fascicle VIII
no less than one thousand
li,
wishing to hold a competitive discussion with
you. I hope you will condescend to come to the debate ground.”
Having heard this message, Dharmapāla tidied his robe and made ready
to go. His disciple Śīlabhadra, an outstanding young man, stepped forward
and said, “Why are you going in such a hurry?” Dharmapāla said, “Since
the Sun of Wisdom ceased to shine and the Lamp of Transmitting the Dharma
became extinct, heretics have massed like ants and heterodox views have
spread like wasps flying in swarms. Therefore I must go crush that debater.”
Śīlabhadra said, “I have heard with respect your supererogatory discussions,
with which I dare to defeat the heterodox follower.” Knowing that he was a
man of outstanding talent, Dharmapāla gave his consent to the request. Śīla -
bhadra was then just thirty years old and the assembly slighted him as being
too young, fearing that it would be difficult for him to combat his opponent
by himself. Knowing that the assembly was not content with the choice,
Dharmapāla said in explanation, “What is valued in a person is his good
learning and intelligence, not his age. In view of the present situation
[Śīlabadhra] is sure to defeat the heretic.” On the day of the discussion young
and old people coming from far and near gathered together. The heretic
widely expounded his theories to the utmost extent, but Śīla bhadra refuted
him through reasoning in a most profound and abstruse way. Having exhausted
his words, the heretic departed in shame.
As a reward for [Śīlabhadra’s] virtue the king wished to give him this city
as a fief. The
śāstra
master declined the offer, saying, “I am a monk dressed
in the dyed robe, living in contentment and keeping myself in purity. What
is the use of a fief for me?” The king said, “The King of the Dharma has dis-
appeared and the Ships of Wisdom have sunk, one after another. If there is
no distinction [made to the worthy ones] how can we encourage scholars of
the younger generation? In order to spread the right Dharma I hope you will
kindly accept the gift.” Unable to decline the offer,
śāstra
master Śīlabhadra
accepted the city as his fief. He constructed a monastery according to the reg-
ulations and provided daily necessities for the monks with the revenue from
the city.
Going southwest for forty or fifty
li
from Śīlabhadra Monastery, I crossed
the Nairañjanā River and reached the city of Gayā. This city is strongly built
but only sparsely populated, having only some one thousand brahman families,
213
915a
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
the descendants of a great
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