The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
law he made up his mind to go live [in the cemetery]. At that time, hearing
that King Bimbisāra was living in a cemetery in the wilderness, the king of
Vaiśālī mustered his troops and made ready to launch a surprise attack.
According to information sent back by his frontier guards, a city had been
built [at the cemetery], called the City of the Royal House, and the king had
moved there. Government officials and common people had also moved to
live in the new city. It is also said that this city was built at the time of King
Ajātaśatru. When Prince Ajātaśatru ascended the throne he made this city
his capital, but after King Aśoka moved the capital to Pāṭaliputra he gave
Rājagṛha to the brahmans. Hence there are no ordinary inhabitants in this
city, only less than a thousand brahman families.
At the southwest corner of the palace city there are two small monasteries
where guest monks from different countries may make stay in the course of
their travels. This was a place where the Buddha once preached the Dharma.
Further to the northwest is a stupa built at the native place of Elder Jyotiṣka
(known in Chinese as Xingli, “Heavenly Body,” formerly mistranscribed as
Shutijia). On the left side of the road outside the south gate of the city is a stupa
at the spot where the Tathāgata preached the Dharma and ordained Rāhula.
From here going north for more than thirty
li,
I reached Nālandā Monastery
(known in Chinese as Shiwuyan, “Insatiable in Almsgiving”). I heard some
old people say that in the mango grove to the south of the monastery there
was a pond where a dragon named Nālandā lived, hence the name of the
monastery built beside the pond. In facts, when the Tathāgata was practicing
bodhisattva deeds in a former life he was a great king who founded his capital
at this place. Because he had compassion for living beings and took delight
in almsgiving, the people called him “Insatiable in Almsgiving” in praise of
his virtue, and this monastery was named after this appellation. The land for
building the monastery was originally a mango grove; five hundred merchants
purchased it with ten
koṭi
s of gold coins and presented it to the Buddha. The
Buddha preached the Dharma at this place for three months and thereupon
the merchants attained sainthood. Not long after the Buddha’s nirvana,
Śakrāditya (known as Tiri, “Sun of Indra,” in Chinese), a former king of this
country, who esteemed the One Vehicle and honored the Triple Gem, selected
this propitious spot by divination and constructed the monastery here. When
the construction work began the dragon’s body was pierced, and a
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