Moluch conf phil 2015-03. indd

Translation concept
Тибинько Надежда Дмитриевна, магистр, старший преподаватель
Карагандинский университет «Болашак» (Казахстан)
The article deals with the translation concept and the goals of translation.
Key words: translation, concept, notion, Target language, Source language.
W
hat is “translation” in our daily, nonprofessional un-
derstanding? Any case when the text created in one 
language, changing means of other language, we name 
translation. Thus the term “text” is understood extremely 
widely: any oral statement and any written writing from the 
instruction to the refrigerator, and for example, to the novel 
means.
If to believe that language is some kind of a code, that is 
any subjects designation and the phenomena of the validity 
by conventional signs means it is possible to name trans-
lation code conversion as each of conventional signs is re-
placed while translating familiar other sign system.
Translation — one of the most ancient occupations of the 
person. Languages distinction has induced people to this 
hard, but to so necessary work which served and serves the 
purposes of dialogue and an exchange of cultural wealth be-
tween the people. The word “translation” is multiple-valued, 
and it has two terminological values which interest us. The 
first of them defines cogitative activity, translation process of 
the maintenance expressed in one language by means of an-
other language. The second names result of this process — 
the text oral or written. Though these concepts different, but 
they represent the dialectic unity, one isn’t thought without 
another. Also pertinently to notice that in linguistics there is 
wider, than translation concept of bilingual communications. 
The main place in it occupies language intermediary which 
concern both translation, and an abstracting, both retelling, 
and other adapted transpositions [1].
So, translation is reexpression or code conversion. How-
ever this code conversion isn’t objective natural process, it 
is carried out by the person. The person possesses individ-
uality and ability to creativity. These two factors allow him 
to choose at code conversion from several or many pos-
sible variants of translation the necessary variant. Therefore 
sometimes speak even about heuristic character of transla-
tion process which is understood first of all as a freedom in 
choosing.
Translation is a difficult and many-sided kind of human 
activity. Though usually speak about translation “from one 
language on another”, but, actually, in translation process 
there is not simply a replacement of one language with an-
other. In translation the various cultures, the different per-

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Современная филология
sons, different attitude of minds, the different literatures, the 
different epoch, and the different levels of development, dif-
ferent traditions and installations face. Culture specialists, 
ethnographers, psychologists, historians, literary critics are 
interested in translation, and the different parties of trans-
lational activity can be object of studying within the limits of 
corresponding sciences. At the same time in a science about 
translation and theory translation can be allocated — psy-
chological, literary, cognitive, culturological and other as-
pects [1].
However, traditional representation that the leading role 
in translation is played by languages, has received a serious 
scientific substantiation, and in modern theory translation 
the leading place belongs to linguistic theories of transla-
tion. It is necessary to notice that translation inclusion in 
linguistic interests sphere has occurred rather recently and 
thus it was necessary to overcome considerable difficulties. 
Till now in the majority of fundamental works on linguistics 
there is no even a mention of translation as about possible 
object of linguistic research.
Translation is a peculiar type of communication — inter-
lingua communication.
The goal of translation is to transform a text in the Source 
Language (SL) into a text in the Target Language (TL). This 
means that the message produced by the translator should 
call forth a reaction from the TL receptor similar to that 
called forth by the original message from the SL receptor. 
The content, that is, the referential meaning of the mes-
sage with all its implications and the form of the message 
with all its emotive and stylistic connotations must be re-
produced as fully as possible in the translation as they are 
to evoke a similar response. While the content remains rel-
atively intact, the form, that is, the linguistic signs of the 
original, may be substituted or replaced by other signs of 
the TL because of structural differences at all levels. Such 
substitutions are justified; they are functional and aim at 
achieving equivalence. Therefore, translator has a diffi-
cult task to transfer every meaning of his translation. Inter-
preting undoubtedly antedates writing; translation began 
only after the appearance of written literature. As the Mex-
ican poet and essayist, Octavio Paz, pointed out that each 
language is a way of seeing, of interpreting the world in a 
specific way. Even though the shape of natural phenomena 
does not change from one country to the next, the way we 
interact with and interpret these phenomena is distinctly dif-
ferent from one language to the next. In German the moon 
happens to be “masculine” (der Mond), in French it is fem-
inine (la lune); in German the word for sun is feminine (die