Г. В. Чернов Теория и практика синхронного перевода

ленного предложения с сохранением как частей речи, так и членов 
предложения. Кроме того, он состоит из нормальных слов русского 
языка, каждое из которых получит в словаре подробное описание и 
определение. Трудности возникают ввиду нарушений лексической 
сочетаемости слов.
В чем суть вопроса о сочетаемости слов? В ряде работ последнего 
десятилетия (Чейф, Филмор, 
Макколи, 
Лаков, Шэнк, 
Гак,
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Таблица 8
Бессмысленные фразы в экспериментальных текстах
№ т е к ст а
№
п /п
№ контроль-
ной ф р азы
Контрольные фразы в минимальном контексте
1/5
2/1
3
4
5
2/2
а
б
в
2 /3
... Besides, Mr President, previous to the advent 
of Europeans on our continent and contrary to 
preconceived ideas Africans were educated after 
their own fashion. They had their peace and all 
necessary institutions of learning andgovernm ent. 
They b u ilt kingdoms and empires and had an 
impeccable standard of communal life and mo­
rality. They had the empires of SOKOTA, 
GANDA, KAHNU, GHANA, MALI, SOMBOI, 
BANYU, HARAR, GONDAR, and many more. 
However, before we continue our analysis of the 
problem so vividly revealed by Bible tran s­
lating we m ust slightly digress to briefly Ideal 
w ith an extreme case of translation difficulties. 
A sentence: THE UGLY BEAUTY RATTLED 
UP TO TH E TOP OF THE SOUR VALLEY — 
could provide an appropriate example. 
This is 
a perfectly correct sentence gram m atically, and 
since it is so it may be translated at least into 
languages w ith certain sim ilarities in syntac­
tical structure. At the same tim e, at least hy­
pothetically, it might become a stumbling block 
for an interpreter.
The following example may serve as a proof of 
my idea. Suppose, in the following sequences
I 
am making a certain point, trying to bring 
home to my audience the idea of the im por­
tance of form and structure in a language. I say: 
THE GREEN NIGHTS WOKE STRONGLY ON 
THE LOGICAL ARMCHAIR and further:
THE SQUARE CIRCLE WALKED READILY 
ALONG THE STEAMY BEAST or another one: 
THE ROUND 
KNIFE 
FLEW
SQUARELY 
INSIDE THE BOTTOM OF SMOKE— the in ter­
preter will have to deal w ith completely illog­
ical but perfectly correct gram m atical sequen­
ces. He will immediately recognize them as 
SENTENCES of the English language, yet they will 
not make much sense to him , 
though he ;will 
undoubtedly realize th a t they are meant for the 
audience and should therefore somehow be ren­
dered to bring home my point about illogical 
sentences.
Their illogical nature may go to extremes, as in 
previous examples, or, on the other hand, may 
be only p a rtia l, 
as, 
for instance, 
in THE 
YELLOW 
SYMPOSIUM 
OF 
IRON TREES 
W ILL 
BE 
D EEPLY
HELD
YESTER­
D A Y — where at least the sequence... SYMPO­
SIUM ... 
W ILL B E ... 
H ELD 
makes 
some 
sense; as to the rest, the interpreter will have
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