Khankeldiev Sh. Kh. Regional features of the physical status of youth students fergana 2022 Reviewer

Table 16
Dynamics of physical fitness of students during summer field training camps

Indicators		Initial data	The first microcycle	0-1 %	The second microcycle	1-2 %	The third microcycle	1-3 %	The fourth microcycle	1-4 %
		х±σ	х±σ		х±σ		х±σ		х±σ
Running 100m., sec.	Э К	13,4±0,7 13,4±0,8	13,2±0,8 13,4±0,7	2,2 0,0	13,0±0,6 13,3±0,7	3,0 0,8	12,9±0,4 13,2±0,5	3,8 1,5	12,8±0,3 13,1 ±0,5	4,5 2,3
Cross 3000m. min.	Э К	13,1±1,5 13,0 ±1,2	12,9±1,2 13,1 ±1,8	1,6 0,8	12,4±1,1 13,1 ±1,4	5,4 0,8	12,2±1,0 13,0 ±1,6	6,9 0,0	11,9±1,1 12,9 ±0,9	9,2 0,8
Long jump from \m. m.	Э К	2,3±0,2 2,2±0,4	2,4±0,3 2,2±0,5	4,2 0,0	2,4±0,4 2,2±0,3	4,2 0,0	2,5±0,3 2,2±0,4	8,0 0,0	2,5±0,2 2,3±0,4	8,0 0,8
Pull-up perok times	Э К	13,3±1,8 14,0±1,6	14,4±1,6 14,1 ±1,7	7,8 0,8	15,1±1,2 14,3 ±1,3	11 2,1	16,0±1,1 14,4 ±1,1	17 2,8	18,3±1,2 15,1 ±0,9	17,4 7,3
Grenade throwing, m.	Э К	38,3 ±3,1 38,0 ±2,8	38,7±2,7 38,1 ±2,2	1,1 0,8	40,1±3,0 38,4 ±2,1	4,5 1,1	41,4±3,2 38,5 ±2,3	7,5 1,3	43,2±3,6 39,9 ±2,1	19,4 4,8

CHAPTER 7. FEATURES OF WATER-SALT METABOLISM DURING MUSCLE WORK IN CONDITIONS OF HIGH EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE
In the process of muscle work, significant shifts occur in the water-salt metabolism. As a result of increased metabolism, the formation of heat increases and the functions of physical thermoregulation proceed strenuously. An increase in water consumption for the needs of thermoregulation during exercise affects the distribution of water and minerals in the body. At the same time, the extrarenal loss of water, mineral salts and changes in the water-salt excretory functions of the kidneys and salivary glands significantly increase.
With muscle work of a speed-strength nature with variable intensity, even under normal temperature conditions, the loss of water by sweating reaches large values. At the same time, both the concentration and the gross content of mineral salts in sweat increases significantly.
Increased compensatory sweating is accompanied by inhibition of urinary kidney function and secretory activity of the salivary glands. Accordingly, the amounts of potassium, sodium, calcium in the urine and vegetative centers decrease. At the same time, the performance of acyclic movements for 1.5—2.5 hours significantly affects the morphological and mineral composition of the blood. In particular, during the work of a speed-force nature, as a result of the movement of fluids between extracellular and intracellular spaces and shifts in the functions of hematopoietic organs, blood clotting accelerates, the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes increases, and the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation changes. There is also a significant leukocytosis due to the increase in the number of segmented neutrophils and monocytes. The volume of shaped elements increases, the concentration of sodium and potassium in whole blood decreases.
The magnitude and nature of changes in individual indicators of water-salt metabolism in the process of muscle work largely depends on the degree of development of the motor skills of those involved. The presence of a certain stereotype in the activity of motor and vegetative centers in trained children in the process of muscle work contributes to ensuring the appropriate distribution of fluids and minerals in the body and increased efficiency.
High ambient temperature combined with physical exertion have a significant impact on the intensity of physiological functions. The activity of organs associated with the transport of oxygen, as well as with thermoregulatory processes, is particularly intensified.
The main factor that ensures the activity of the body in a hot environment is the process of thermoregulation. Due to the high perfection of thermoregulation mechanisms, a person can not only exist, but also perform a significant muscular load in these conditions. At the same time, the relative constancy of body temperature is ensured, which is the key to the normal course of metabolic processes. In the zone of external temperatures plus 33-35 degrees. C, when heat transfer by convection and radiation is impossible, it occurs exclusively by evaporation of water from the surface of the body—sweating.
When sweat evaporates, a person loses a large amount of heat. Approximately 0.58 cal. it is lost when 1 ml of sweat evaporates, which is a powerful factor in preventing overheating and maintaining the body's thermal balance.
The implementation of temperature homeostasis of the body during muscular activity is unthinkable without appropriate distribution of water and salts in the body.
With profuse sweating, fluid loss occurs primarily from the extracellular environment. At the same time, the intensity of sweating is directly dependent on the air temperature, heat production and the degree of physical stress.
The level of sweating can be determined to a certain extent by both individual fitness of a person for physical exertion and his adaptation to high temperature.
With sweating caused by muscle work, water loss increases, and the content of sodium, chlorine in sweat increases. Nevertheless, it is a hypotonic liquid in relation to blood plasma and the loss of water with it exceeds the loss of table salt, in this regard, dehydration with increased sweating is most often accompanied by a hypovolemic state. However, excessive sweating (up to 10-12 liters.) leads to the loss of sodium chloride - up to 25-40 g.
Dehydration in the range from 1 to 1.5 percent. — the threshold for the arousal of the "drinking center" and the emergence of a feeling of thirst. In this regard, it becomes clear increased fluid intake when performing muscle work in conditions of exposure to high temperatures. Thus, during muscular work in conditions of high external temperature, diuresis is sharply suppressed, probably due to the fact that blood circulation in the kidneys is significantly reduced due to a reflex increase in blood flow to the muscles and skin. The concentration of sodium in the urine was the same both during work and at rest. Significant potassium losses under these conditions are probably the result of intensive oxidation of proteins in cells, as evidenced by an increase in residual nitrogen in the blood. The accelerated breakdown of the protein is also accompanied by the release of potassium, and its excretion creates a state of negative balance of this electrolyte. In the future, the lack of potassium inhibits anabolic processes in cells. If we take into account that all energy processes in the body take place with the participation of potassium, then the loss of it by tissues, especially skeletal muscles, in these conditions is an unfavorable factor that negatively affects their function, contributing to the development of early fatigue.
Undoubtedly, the magnitude of these changes depends on the overall physical fitness and adaptability of the body to these loads.
The tension of thermoregulatory mechanisms when performing work in combination with heat load is reflected in the internal environment, causing temporary changes in the composition and properties of blood. First of all, significant thermoregulatory costs of water lead to its loss from blood plasma and the development of hem concentration. As a result of blood thickening, the concentration of minerals in it increases and the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, as well as blood viscosity increases. In this regard, hemodynamic reactions also change, the activity of the heart increases, the heart rate increases. The magnitude and nature of these reactions, as well as the state of other body functions, depends on the ambient temperature, heat production, water and salt consumption, as well as physical fitness.
It should be noted that when performing muscle work in conditions of high external temperature by trained people who consume water without restriction during work, the content of minerals in whole blood has not changed. The exception was chlorides, the content of which increased in the blood by the end of the work. These data indicate that sufficient intake of water into the body keeps at a constant level not only the amount of minerals, but also the osmotic properties of blood. This is also evidenced by the constant level of blood pressure during the working day.
Hyperchloremia, observed at this time immediately after the end of work, is probably the result not only of the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the tissues, but also of the direct release of chlorine during increased muscle activity from the muscles. However, the content of chlorine in the blood after rest, by the beginning of work the next day normalizes.