Khankeldiev Sh. Kh. Regional features of the physical status of youth students fergana 2022 Reviewer

7.3. FEATURES OF THE REACTION OF THE FEMALE CONTINGENT TO PHYSICAL EXERCISES PERFORMED IN CONDITIONS OF HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
It is known that an increase in internal body temperature during exercise is one of the main factors that prevents an increase in sports achievements, and is associated with such dangers as the possibility of overheating of the body, the onset of heat stroke, etc. Especially these dangers increase when performing physical exercises in conditions of high ambient temperature. Therefore, the issues of thermoregulation during exercise have long been the subject of close attention of researchers working in the field of scientific foundations of physical culture and sports.
Data on the mechanisms of thermoregulation when performing physical exercises in conditions of high ambient temperature have been summarized in recent years in a number of detailed reviews .
The first detailed studies comparing the physiological reactions of men and women when performing strenuous muscular work in conditions of high air temperature were carried out at the turn of the 60-70s. It followed from them that women demonstrate less resistance to performing physical exercises in conditions of high ambient temperature than men.
However, several recent studies have compared the reactions of men and women who had approximately equal aerobic capabilities. In these studies, it was shown that the existence of differences between the sexes in relation to heat load during physical exercise is not observed.
Based on the theoretical foundations described in the literature of possible differences in the reactions of men and women to physical exercise performed in conditions of high ambient temperature, it was possible to hypothesize that men have an advantage over women when exercises are performed in conditions of high ambient temperature and low humidity.
However, if physical activity is equalized by the relative values of maximum oxygen consumption with an intensity equal to, say, 60-70% of their maximum oxygen consumption, then in this case there are no significant differences in the physical reactions of men and women to physical activity.
As for the surface, skin temperature, here the data of various researchers differ. It was found that the skin temperature in women during physical exercises performed under conditions of hyperthermia is higher than in men, however, other researchers.those who conducted experiments in a climate chamber did not find significant differences in skin temperature in men and women who performed physical exercises in similar conditions.
In several studies, it has been shown that there are no statistically significant differences between men and women in the rate of sweat discharge if both have passed the necessary period of acclimatization. An increase in the intensity of energy metabolism in men leads to a greater release of heat in them, which results in the need for greater heat transfer through evaporation in order to maintain thermal balance. It was found that the rate of sweating during exercise is highly correlated with the detected heat production.
Acclimatization to exercise in conditions of high temperature and low humidity of the surrounding air leads to a decrease in the values of skin temperature, a decrease in heart rate and an increase in the rate of sweating.
Resistance (tolerance) to thermal loads at the same time also tends to increase. A number of Russian researchers have not found significant differences in thermal tolerance between men and women who have passed the period of thermal acclimatization. Before the start of acclimatization, the tolerance of women, estimated by the time limit of work, was lower.
Taking into account the above material, it can be assumed that when performing physical exercises in conditions of high ambient temperature, women have some advantages over men due to the fact that their body surface to weight ratio reaches large values, which means that the percentage of sweating increases. In addition, under these conditions, the amount of sweating is not a limiting factor, since the heat transfer due to evaporation of the body is relatively small. The rate of sweating in men when performing physical exercises in conditions of high humidity and ambient temperature is higher than in women.
The advantages of women when performing physical exercises in humid hot air are primarily due to the fact that they have a greater ratio of body surface to weight. This facilitates the return of heat through radiation and convection, since the amount of heat production is the same for both men and women.
Acclimatization to exercise in conditions of high temperature and humidity of the environment leads to the fact that both the heart rate and rectal temperature decrease equally in both men and women.
Men and women who worked with an intensity equal to about 80% of the values of maximum oxygen consumption had approximately the same heart rate and rectal temperature during the first 90 minutes of exercise. However, at the 3rd hour of work, both of these indicators were higher in men than in women and indicates that after acclimatization, the intensity of sweating increases more in men than in women.
Another interesting factor related to the analysis of the peculiarities of women's reactions to physical activity performed in conditions of high ambient temperature is the comparison of the studied parameters in trained and untrained women. The facts currently available indicate that women who have a low level of physical fitness are much less tolerant of exercises performed in conditions of high ambient temperature than those women who have a high level of aerobic capabilities.
Monitoring of the conducted studies in this direction showed that the first signs of acclimatization are observed after the very first classes. It was shown that trained female athletes maintained minute blood volume to a better extent during exercises in conditions of high temperature and humidity of the surrounding air than poorly trained subjects. In these experiments, the intensity of the exercises was selected in such a way that the subjects performed the load at approximately the same relative intensity estimated by the level of their maximum oxygen consumption.
As for training methods, it has been shown that the use of interval training methods in running increases the length of time during which subjects can exercise in hyperthermia. Studies have shown that acclimatization to exercise in conditions of high air temperature is faster in trained than in untrained athletes in the case when all subjects perform exercises at the same level of relative intensity of the load.
Training approximately equally reduces the threshold value of the load that leads to sweating, both in men and women. However, trained women begin to sweat with greater intensity than untrained women. It has been suggested that the earlier onset of sweating and its higher intensity in trained athletes are probably associated with increased secretory activity and with the sensitivity of sweat glands, which increases as a result of sports training.
As is known, thermoregulation in women changes somewhat during monthly cycles. In particular, the core temperature of the body increases during the ovulation phase. These phase changes in the core temperature of the body are a possible cause of the differences in thermal tolerance that are sometimes found between men and women.
It has been shown that the reactions of women's bodies in response to physical exertion performed in conditions of high ambient temperature are somewhat different in different phases of the menstrual cycle. So, sweating begins somewhat earlier in the period preceding ovulation, and later in the post-ovulation phase, and it has been shown that sweating is suppressed by estrogens and stimulated by testosterone.
These data, apparently, are not completely indisputable, since it was not possible to detect any differences in the values of sweating during the various phases of the menstrual cycle. It is reported that there are very small differences in rectal temperature, skin temperature, as well as in the intensity of sweating during various phases of the menstrual cycle when the subjects are in the chamber, under laboratory conditions at high temperature.
It was found that the rate of sweating was the same both in the period preceding and following ovulation, oral temperature increased to a lesser extent during thermal exposure after ovulation.
As for the studies conducted in different phases of the menstrual cycle, and related to the performance of physical exercises in conditions of hyperthermia, their results do not give grounds to come to certain conclusions. Body temperature was found to be slightly higher or unchanged during exercise in a comfortable environment in different phases of the ovulation cycle. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences in energy production when performing exercises in different phases of the cycle.
It is shown that non-acclimatized women, when performing physical exercises in conditions of high temperature and humidity of the environment, demonstrated greater thermal tolerance in the pre-ovulation phase, compared with the post-ovulation phase. After acclimatization, differences in tolerance, rectal temperature and sweating threshold in different phases of the menstrual cycle were not observed.
Small differences in rectal temperature and sweating rates were found when performing physical exercises in conditions of high temperature and humidity of the environment in different phases of the menstrual cycle. It was not possible to establish differences in endurance indicators, heart rate and sweating rate when performing physical exercises in different phases of the menstrual cycle.
It seems that the combined effect of heat and exercise masks cyclical changes in the physiological reactions of the body in different phases of the monthly cycle in women.
Summarizing the above, we can conclude that when men and women perform exercises with the same relative intensity (in % of their level of maximum oxygen consumption), the differences between us in their response to physical exercises performed in conditions of high temperature and low humidity of the surrounding air are negligible,
From the above experimental data, it follows that women are more able to withstand high air temperature when it is accompanied by high humidity. The greater tolerance of women to exercise in conditions of high temperature and humidity is obviously associated with a more favorable ratio of their surface and body weight, which facilitates heat transfer through radiation and convection.
The threshold of sweating as a result of training is also reduced in cases when the exercise takes place in conditions of high ambient humidity, and evaporation turns out to be an ineffective heat transfer mechanism. As a result of training, there is an earlier suppression of excessive sweating in trained athletes in comparison with untrained ones. This protects the body from excessive moisture loss. The researchers failed to detect a significant effect of the phases of the menstrual cycle on the physiological reactions of women performing physical exercises in conditions of high ambient temperature.