Khankeldiev Sh. Kh. Regional features of the physical status of youth students fergana 2022 Reviewer

7.2. PROBLEMS OF OPTIMAL MOTOR ACTIVITY
Hygienists distinguish three types of daily routine, and, accordingly, three variants of motor activity: 1. Pampering. 2. Draining. 3. Stimulating, or training – hardening.
The optimal is the so-called stimulating regime, in which the body is subjected to versatile effects, gradually and consistently increasing in intensity, which causes a continuous gradual functional adaptation of the organism, as a result of which its adaptive mechanisms develop, efficiency increases and health improves.
These general hygienic considerations are also valid when it comes to motor activity. In quantitative terms, motor activity can be recorded in various ways. In particular, motor activity is assessed by: the total amount of energy consumption; by the pulse cost of work, the amount of heart rate; by the amount of physical activity per week exceeding a certain intensity – in hours; by the ratio of dynamic and static components of activity; by the number of movements, in particular, the number of steps in locomotion.
Motor activity is a variable function caused by
numerous social, natural and biological factors /116/, Among them one can note climatic"seasonal, meteorological conditions" health status, age and gender differences, motor mode, requirements of physical education programs, parents' attitude to physical education, housing conditions and much more.
Studies have shown that physical inactivity is characteristic not only for children and for students of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions. The existing level of motor activity and the motor mode of training does not sufficiently provide the necessary motor activity, without which it is impossible to have full physical fitness and the level of health of students and students. Studies conducted on students of secondary specialized educational institutions have shown that even three hours of physical education do not completely eliminate physical inactivity.
It is interesting here to turn to the experience and statements of the largest authorities in the field of health-improving physical culture.
For example, academician N. M. Amosov points out that in order to be in good shape and avoid diseases, a full range of gymnastics and a 20-minute run are necessary daily. A very close point of view is shared by academician A.A.Mikulin, who believes that "at least a daily 20-minute run should become the norm of any schoolboy, student, warrior, if we talk about mental workers, then running is the right way to a long creative life."
Most often, when studying the motor activity of students, the number of steps performed per day is determined. It is shown that in children and adults there is a tendency to compensatory equalization of activity and to maintain it at a more or less constant level. As for students, many researchers believe that the measure of optimal motor activity is the indicators of natural motor activity during the summer holidays. According to Sh.Kh.Khankeldiyev, the discovered tendency to the constancy of motor activity is due to the need for movement, " which is similar to other biological needs of the body.
Such a prominent physiologist as Professor M.A.Mogendovich is in similar positions, who believes that the need for movement is one of the most important human needs, and is characterized by t as a special biological principle of development.
The data accumulated up to the present time before the motor activity of students and adults is very interesting. Thus, the average daily volume of locomotion in persons of intellectual labor from 30 to 40 years is, on average, 8.6-11.3 thousand steps: from 41 to 50 years -5.8-13.4 thousand steps; from 51 to 61 - from 8.5 to 9.7 thousand steps.
Children have exceptionally more individual variations in the number of steps per day. It is established that the magnitude of the deficit in running among high school students is observed at all seasons of the year, except summer. Similar results were found in preschool children .it was found that the greatest motor activity in students of grades 1-4 takes place in spring and autumn.
Only in three works known to us, systematic comparisons of motor activity were carried out throughout the year. Motor activity was studied during the year in girls aged 12-17 years.
Of particular interest to us are the works that studied the motor activity of students living in climatic conditions that are relatively close to those studied in this work. It was found that under these specific conditions, the average daily motor activity of children in winter remained very high, and amounted to 16.5-22.4 thousand steps per day.
For high school students living in the middle lane, it is advisable to focus on 20 thousand steps per day with the mandatory inclusion of physical exercises in the amount of 0-8 hours per week.
It is obvious that the question of the specifics of the motor activity of students living in a hot climate needs further research.
The best state of the body of schoolchildren of II-I5 years is established with motor activity equal to 21-30 thousand steps per day with the volume of organized motor activity of 6-15 hours per week. In this case, the daily energy consumption, amounting to 3100-4000 kcal.
At the same time, it cannot be denied that the question of optimal norms of motor activity is also currently debatable. For example, it is believed that for children aged 7-16 years, motor activity amounting to 10-16 thousand steps is below the physiological norm, recommending 25-30 thousand steps as the physiological norm for boys and girls of primary school age; for average - 20-25 thousand steps; for older - 15-20 thousand steps per day. This corresponds to the expenditure on motor activity per day of 400-680 kcal for boys, and 400-500 kcal for girls.
To a large extent, the differences between the recommendations of different authors were due to the fact that in their experiments the proportion of organized motor activity was taken into account to varying degrees, and this organized motor activity was presented to a different extent.
It has already been noted above that not every organized motor activity leads to an increase in the number of steps, and in cases where this is the case, different types of movements are characterized in this respect by different indicators. So, for example, the use of walking on skis increases the number of movements (steps) to a lesser extent than, for example, long running, and gymnastics, giving more physical activity, can lead to a relatively small increase in the number of steps performed during the day. Therefore, all the recommendations given in the report should be considered only as indicative.
As for university students and students of technical schools, they were found to have a clearly insufficient average daily volume of basic locomotives. In this case, the volume of motor activity of 1st year students was only 6 thousand steps per day. At senior courses, by the end of the training period, the deficit of motor activity decreased slightly. The mentioned 6 thousand steps correspond to a value that most researchers recognize as insufficient. The data on low motor activity of students, registered by the act metric method (by the number of steps), correspond to the results of direct pedagogical observations. It was found that 83% of the daily time students are in a state of relative immobility, and the increase in the average daily number of steps falls only on Sundays.
During the study, changes in the volume of students' motor activity were established not only during the week, but also during the year. Only in May, motor activity reached the highest value and averaged 10.6 thousand. The least motor activity was observed during the winter (6.2 thousand steps) and summer (7.1 thousand steps) examination sessions. A sharp increase in motor activity is noted during the holidays, primarily during the summer holidays (up to 16.9 thousand steps per day). These authors came to the conclusion that motor activity in qualitative terms is characterized by a sharp predominance of independent (spontaneous) motor activity over organized motor activity in physical education classes. The ratio between spontaneous and organized motor activity is approximately 20-fold.
It can be considered that the measure of optimal motor activity should be considered the mode of natural motor activity in the summer vacation time.
When assessing motor activity by time indicators, various authors recommend a different number of hours allocated to motor activity per week. It is believed that the optimal motor regime for students and students is motor activity in the amount of 6-10 hours per week; for employees, according to their opinion, the optimal motor activity will be 6-8 hours per week. At the same time, experimental data obtained on children make it possible to assume that, at least, organized motor activity (in physical education classes) in the amount of 6-15 hours per week is optimal for urban schoolchildren aged 11-15 years. For girls , the optimal dose of physical activity is at least 4-9 intensive physical exercises per week .
In general, specific indicators of optimal motor activity are not defined for all population contingents.
In principle, we can assume that the minimum limit of motor activity should be considered the volume of movements that is necessary to maintain the normal level of the functional state of the body and high efficiency. The maximum limit of motor activity should warn the body against excessively high volume of physical activity.