Khankeldiev Sh. Kh. Regional features of the physical status of youth students fergana 2022 Reviewer

7.5. SPORTS TRAINING OF THE FEMALE CONTINGENT
Sexual differentiation of a person is a constant condition for the specifics of sports training. Even a well-developed girl, girl, woman should train differently than a boy, a young man, a man. In the practice of sports, there have long been certain differences in the methodology of training sessions for female and male contingents. These differences are due to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the female body. Their consideration in determining the content of the pedagogical impact will ensure the level of health of a woman that is necessary for a future mother.
During the initial training, when girls perform a significant number of general developmental exercises, it is necessary to remind students about the benefits of these movements for the woman's body. It is the well-developed muscles of the trunk, abdomen, and thighs that allow a woman to easily endure childbirth and maintain a good slender figure after them.
In the future, the difficulty in working with girls is the nature of communication in training sessions. They are more receptive to every word, to every shade of the coach's phrase. Therefore, he has to constantly monitor their reaction to comments.
It should be emphasized that girls and girls very often have a negative reaction to the competition environment. They have great emotional excitability, increased sensitivity, which contributes to the appearance of disruptions in achieving results. In general, girls and girls are more disciplined and efficient, show concentration, diligence and emotionality in the classroom.
Nature has endowed a woman with distinctive features associated with the function of motherhood, which determines the formation of a number of features of her physique and that imposes a certain peculiarity on the activity of many organs and systems of her body in different periods of life. Physique and appearance emphasize one of the main features of women — femininity.
Age periods in a woman's life are characterized by a number of morphological and functional features. Sexual differences between a man and a woman become most pronounced with the onset of puberty. Special attention in the female body deserves the periodicity of a number of physiological functions corresponding to the ovarian - menstrual cycle (OMC). It should be borne in mind that the reaction of women's body to OMC can be diverse. At this time, wave (cyclic) changes occur in the vascular system, thermoregulation, metabolism, mental and physical performance, etc. Therefore, various disturbances, mental traumas can cause disorders in the form of profuse bleeding or its delay, and sometimes termination for a long time.
The first menstruation occurs between the ages of 11 and 19. Such a big difference depends on the environmental conditions, as well as on the physical development and health of the girl. During this period, there is an increased susceptibility to cold, to skin and mechanical irritations. There are phenomena of motor anxiety: increased gesticulation, impaired coordination of movements, the ability to maintain balance, there is an angularity of movements. The character and behavior of the girl change dramatically: shyness or arrogance appear, unjustified harshness in dealing with others. Hobbies and interests often change, there is a reassessment of one's strength against the background of rapidly advancing fatigue, self-preservation reflexes and fear are easily formed. In this regard, the period of puberty is very unprofitable for learning new exercises.
The duration of the biological cycle in women is individual and depends on genetic factors, living conditions, physical activity, neuropsychological state. OMC cycles are established and they are repeated after 21-26-28-30-36 days and last about 3-5 days, sometimes a little longer.
According to the generally accepted classification, the OMC is divided into several phases. The OMC phases normally should not disrupt the vital activity of the body. However, taking into account the peculiarities of each phase, it is necessary to change the content of pedagogical influences.
The changes in a woman's body during the first phase have been studied the most. It should be noted that menstruation is not a disease, but a physiological process during which a serious restructuring of a woman's body takes place. According to gynecologists, 49% of women train regularly in the first phase, 21% irregularly and 30% do not train at all. At the same time, he notes that 82% of the athletes who regularly train have the same results or even some set personal records, and only 18% of the results deteriorate.
The second phase of the biological cycle (from the 6th to the 10th day) is considered a phase of high efficiency, the fourth is reduced (from the 17th to the 25th day), and the lowest performance indicators are recorded in the third and fifth phases (from the 11th to the 16th day and 27, 28 days, the duration of each phase is given in relation to a 28-day cycle).
One of the tasks of rational physical exercises for girls and women is to promote the normal functioning of all organs and systems of the body in all phases of the OMC.
Girls and women of all ages should not be allowed to participate in competitions during the menstrual and premenstrual phases (2-3 days before the start of the cycle). The loads in the classes for them are reduced, jumps and jumps are excluded. These days, only those who have junior sports categories can participate in competitions, but with the permission of a doctor and with good self-esteem. In training sessions with them, gradual systematic preparation is carried out to perform normal sports loads in all phases of the OMC.
The biological features of the development of motor skills of a growing female body include the following: rapid rates of motor skills development in the period from 4 to 7 years; completion of the basics of motor skills development in 14 years; heterochrony in the development of both each qualitative form of activity and the whole motor skills as a whole, which is typical for any age; accelerated rates of development in the period "puberty leap" — from 11 to 13 years; a sharp decrease in the biological need for movement after 13 years; in the period from 15 to 20 years, regressive changes, clear seasonal dynamics of spontaneous motor activity from 4 to 20 years, associated with the duration of daylight, prevail at the heart of the age dynamics of the female body's motor skills, as this fact affects the concentration of sex hormones in the blood, disorders of the OMC and the working capacity of the growing female body; each age in development motility contains its leading "growth points".
In a growing female organism from 4 to 20 years, four periods of biological need for movement are clearly traced: 4-7 years — the acceleration period; 8 years —the period of "school" decline; 9-13 —the period of biological optimum; 14-20 years — the period of motor deficiency.
Significantly affects the content of training sessions:
- usually, the desire for rhythm, the correct distribution of movements over time is characteristic for girls and girls;
— they are prone to smooth and rounded movements from childhood;
— women's joints have a significant amplitude of movement due to the slight extensibility of the ligaments; over-flexibility in girls as a possible factor of athletic success requires an attentive attitude;
— the peculiarities of female motor skills should be taken into account in the training process not in order to subordinate the entire methodology to these features;
— the content and structure of the training process of girls and girls should be specified by the following basic methodological provisions:
— proportionality of education of basic physical, moral and moral-volitional qualities;
— a solid foundation of general and special physical fitness of female athletes is needed, with a mandatory emphasis on increasing speed and strength potential;
— loads should be brought to the highest possible limits gradually, while strictly observing their variability both in direction and intensity;
— in the structure of the training process of the female contingent, it is fair to recognize the "average training cycle" (monthly) as the main one, and the construction of its "small cycles" should correspond to the nature of the OMC phases;
— the adaptation of the female athlete's body to intense competitive and training activities is due to the most important biological function of motherhood, therefore, the performance of athletes in different phases of the OMC.
— the effect of the useful use of physical qualities in
depending on the age characteristics of the development of motor skills of the female body.
— the greatest increase in absolute strength in adolescent girls is observed at 12-14 years, the maximum strength indicators are reached at 15-16 years. Speed and power capabilities are improved in 10-14 years, speed of movement up to 14 years. Maximum endurance reaches women at the age of 18-22 years, high—speed endurance - by 15-20 years. Manifestations of dexterity are already quite pronounced at 8-11 years old; from 14-15 years old;
— regular comprehensive monitoring is necessary, especially medical (gynecological) and self-monitoring.