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6.1. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS OPTIONS FOR PHYSICAL EXERCISES AT HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
In the republics of Central Asia in the summer months, the air temperature often exceeds the body temperature, and can reach 45-50 degrees. In such conditions of external hyperthermia, maintaining the thermal balance of the body is extremely difficult due to the sharply limited possibilities of heat transfer, which is feasible, in this case, only due to evaporation of sweat. However, since the air temperature exceeds the body temperature in such conditions, there is a constant heat transfer that threatens to overheat the body. Under these conditions, any active muscle activity that leads to increased heat production makes thermoregulation difficult and increases the risk of overheating.
The high temperature of the external environment, at which the air temperature exceeds its own body temperature, leads to a sharp decrease in the natural motor activity of the population.
As our research has shown, in the summer months, the activity of young students, determined by the number of steps performed during the day, decreases several times compared to similar indicators recorded in other periods of the year. The consequence of the marked decrease in DA (which is expressed not only in the restriction of unorganized daily DA, but also in the sharp restriction or complete cessation of physical exercises during this period) is noted by a number of authors, as well as the decrease in the indicators of physical fitness of students or a slowdown in their growth rates in the summer months, found in our own studies. If young people living in temperate latitudes have the greatest increases in indicators of physical development and physical fitness are observed when comparing the data of autumn and spring measurements. The growth rate in the summer months is lower than in other periods of the year. Hence, the task of developing means, forms and methods of physical exercises in conditions of external hyperthermia, when the air temperature exceeds the temperature of the human body, becomes urgent.
The obvious way to do this is to conduct classes in the late evening hours when the outside temperature does not exceed 30 °, or in the early morning hours when the air temperature drops below 30 °. This is almost the only way when it comes to training athletes. We tried to organize such regular classes with college students who are not engaged in their chosen sport, but we met with very great organizational and everyday difficulties: a decrease in YES during daytime hours leads to the fact that many tasks for performing physical exercises, the performance of which in other periods of the year is evenly distributed throughout the day, in the summer months it concentrates in the early morning and evening hours. In such conditions, it would be advisable to develop such forms of physical exercises that could be used in relatively hot periods of the day, say from 10 to 11 in the morning and starting from I7-I8 hours. At the same time, it is natural to turn to the experience of educational systems that arose in similar geographical conditions, i.e. in regions characterized by high ambient temperatures, in particular, in the works of S.R.Uraimov, physical exercises from the yogi system were used. The yogi system evokes an ambivalent attitude towards itself. There is no doubt that certain elements of yoga, the so-called Hatha yoga, deserve to be studied and can be used in the practice of physical education work. This is evidenced by the experience of using such exercises both in classes with healthy people and their use for the treatment of certain diseases. It can be characterized that some complexes of physical exercises, which are characterized by; a) predominantly static nature; b) focusing on stretching exercises; c) static strength exercises; d) breathing exercises; e) the desire to concentrate on organic sensations.
Although, as studies conducted under the guidance of Professor V.S.Farfel have shown, when performing exercises of the yogi system, there is some activation of the cardiovascular system and respiration, energy exchange increases slightly. From this we can conclude that the energy demand increases only to a small extent and the additional heat production is relatively small. The experimental studies we have undertaken were aimed at clarifying the possibility of using these exercises in hot periods of the year as a means of compensating for heat-induced hyperkinesia.
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