Ferghana Valley

See also
National identity
Currency
coin mints, 12, 14, 15, 16, 38
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 
82–83
tang, 32
Cyrillic alphabet, 129, 287, 303, 352
Czechoslovakia, 377
D
Dahma
, 21
Dalverzin, 4, 5
Damalov, S.K., 140–41
Dance
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 156
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 62
Darbaz
, 62
Darwaz, 34
Datka, Kurmanjan, 75
Dau’r
, 342
Davan, 7, 8
Davlatov, Muradullo, 282
Davran
, 342
Davron, Ibrohim, 86
Davydov, G., 182
Defe, L., 108
Dehkans
, 77, 81–82, 169, 234, 242
Democracy
Kyrgyzstan, 206–11
since independence (1992–2008),
206–11, 212, 214, 216, 220, 221, 
225
Tajikistan, 187, 212, 214, 216, 221
Uzbekistan, 221
Democratic Congress of Central Asia and 
Kazakhstan, 221
Democratic Party of Tajikistan, 187, 212, 
214, 216, 221
Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, 221
Demographics. See Population
Devzira
, ix
Disease, 153
Dishod, 33
Divnogorskii, T., 108
Djilali, 232
DND Group, 317–18, 364n60

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INDEX 417
Dolgorukii, Prince, 45
Domla, Nodir-khon, 200
Donish, Ahmad, 83–84
Do’ppi
, xvii
Dovud-hon qori, 319
Drug trade, 227, 379, 380–81
Dukchi-Ishan, Madali, 298–99
Dushanbe
cultural identity (1991–present), 290
Islam, 305, 346, 356, 358
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 165
perestroika (1985–1991), 179–80, 185, 
188
since independence (1992–2008), 205, 
214, 225
Stalinism (1929–1953), 123, 132
Dutov, Alexander, 97, 116n8
Dzhababorov, Tohir, 185
Dzhalolov, Orif, 360
Dzhamashev, Zulumbek, 142
Dzhavida, H., 168
Dzhizak, 32, 220
Dzhuras
, 174–75
Dzungaria, 31, 42–43
E
East Turkestan, 7, 12, 42–43
Economic development
Central Asian position, xii
global financial crisis (2008), 248
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 141, 165–67
perestroika (1985–1991), 180–88, 189, 
192
poverty, 245, 267
since independence (1992–2008), 206, 
207, 217, 223–24
See also
Agriculture; Industry; specific 
city or country
Economic development (1991–present)
agriculture, ix, 232, 234, 235, 241–42, 
245
banking system, 237–38
cross–border cooperation, 239–40
education, 244, 245
employment, 241, 244–46
foreign investment, 240–41
global financial crisis (2008), 248
gross domestic product (GDP), 233–34, 
237, 238, 239, 241, 248
Economic development (continued)
income, 232–33, 244–45
industry, 232, 234–37, 240–41, 242–44
Kyrgyzstan, 232–34, 235–37, 238–39, 
240–42, 243, 244, 245–47, 248–49
labor migration, 245–46
population, 246–48
privatization, 234–37, 242, 245
prospects, 248–49
surplus labor, 246
Tajikistan, 232–33, 234, 236–37, 238, 
239, 240, 241, 242, 243–44, 245, 
246–49
taxation, 238–39
trends, 232–34
Uzbekistan, 232–33, 235, 236–37, 238, 
239–40, 241, 242–43, 244–45, 
246–47, 248–49
water resources, 236, 242, 243, 248
Education
cultural identity (1991–present), 286–87
curriculum, 61, 129
economic development (1991–present), 
244, 245
Islamic, 39, 85, 103, 130, 170, 286, 298, 
299–300, 301–3, 305, 353–54
Jadidism, 85–88
Jewish schools, 61
Khrushchev/Brezhnev era 
(1950s–1980s), 154–55, 166, 167, 
170, 175
Kokand Khanate (1709–1876), 39, 61
Kyrgyzstan, 126
perestroika (1985–1991), 199
Russian colonization (1860–1917), 
85–88
since independence (1992–2008), 207
Soviet rule (1917–1930), 103
Stalinism (1929–1953), 124, 126, 129–30
Tajikistan, 126
Uzbekistan, 126
women’s rights, 126, 166
Efremov, Philip, 32
Egypt, 307, 327, 337, 349
Eilatan, 6, 7–8