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Spotlight-on-Uzbekistan

Refining the Reforms 
When it comes to taking the reform process to the next stage the Presidential administration needs 
to try to stop acting like a shark who needs to keep pushing forwards in order to survive. The frenetic 
top down activity is not sustainable and its effectiveness is declining. Spending a bit more time 
getting legislation right the first time through early consultation with stakeholders will help reduce 
the need for clarifying decrees and further updates. More time for Parliament to scrutinise 
legislation and advise on Presidential decrees could be helpful for both institutions. There could also 
be a role for an independent committee, perhaps involving the new Civic Chamber, to review 
decrees, to help ensure they are aligned with international standards and do not contradict each 
other.  
 
Much has been written, both in this publication and elsewhere, about the need to improve the 
capacity in the Uzbek civil service and this will involve both culture and personnel changes. With 
some reforms lost in the long chain between Presidential Decree and implementation there is a need 
to change the internal incentive structures to allow greater space for risk taking, innovation and if 
necessary failure, to stop facilitating a culture of buck passing to avoid the wrath of the President 


Spotlight on Uzbekistan 
154 
 
that could grind down a new generation of officials. Instead there is a need to encourage them to 
find ways to implement change. As Yuliy Yusupov argues ‘Uzbekistan needs a fundamental 
administrative reform’ that will involve ‘the reconsideration and redistribution of the structure, tasks, 
functions and responsibilities of central authorities, as well as of administrative bodies at the sectoral 
level.’ There will need to be further steps taken, including the transparency initiatives set out below, 
to prevent officials being captured by sectoral special interests. Overstaffing and the ‘stamp culture’ 
need to be tackled to free up resources to be used more efficiently elsewhere in the public and 
private sector, including increasing resources for the social safety net that may become ever more 
critical when dealing with the COVID-19 aftermath.    
 
The need to improve recruitment has been identified by the Government as a strategic priority to 
expand administrative capacity. This should involve further steps to encourage recruitment based on 
merit rather than connections, improving salaries to encourage talent to join and to encourage the 
return of higher skilled professionals from the diaspora. Navbahor Imamova argues that in order to 
address the capacity gap ‘Uzbekistan needs a transparent, fair and professional recruitment system 
dedicated to hiring from abroad by establishing a central recruiting body, which should announce 
vacancies, act as a centralised clearing-house for applications, and provide a single point-of-contact 
for those seeking opportunities’. However, it is important that capacity constraints are not used as a 
universal excuse to cover times when political will is lacking or when the Government wishes to 
shield the President from criticism by blaming his officials.  
 
Kate Mallinson and Yuliy Yusupov have made a number of suggestions in their essays for furthering 
the reform of the wider economy that include strengthening ownership rights of land users to allow 
resale, sublease or borrowing against it and reviewing and implementing arbitration decisions in 
accordance with the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign 
Arbitral Awards. There remains the need to move away from protecting import monopolies owned 
by politically connected figures to developing a system of industrial support focused on more 
universally accessible tax incentives and other systems open to businesses irrespective of how well 
connected the owners are.  

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