So why don’t we measure the costs of inaction and savings of direct action?
Sustainability reporting, like other forms of environmental management, tends to compare trends
in resource consumption from the time that a reporting process is initiated. Accepting the existing
urban or regional environment as the reporting baseline means decision-makers in government
and industry are not expected to correct
existing
problems. By starting from current conditions, as
we have seen, inaction does not appear to be making things much worse. Unless indicators reflect
specific eco-services already lost or in need of repair, it will be hard to find ways to increase ecological
carrying capacity. We have seen that framing the existing situation as ‘normal’ can work to conceal
the ongoing cumulative transfer of land and resources. Because indicators generally only track
improving or worsening conditions from the initial start of reporting, they often draw attention to
environmental stresses or ecological crises when it is too late. The sustainability standard, proposed
earlier, would measure how far we are from sustainability, not just from the time we began assessing
and reporting [Chapter 5]. Comparing an existing urban environment to the ecological conditions
that existed before development (ET analysis) would ground reporting in biophysical reality, rather
than variables and relativities that are suspended in the ether. A higher standard would better reflect
the benefits of positive actions over inaction.
How would measuring positive impacts and savings encourage change?
If we report actions and the savings they achieve, we encourage action. If we only report broad trends
in negative impacts, we will only watch in horror. A focus on impacts of existing development and
costs of inaction, including future impacts on democracy and choice, would help change the emphasis
from mitigating future change to fixing existing problems (although both are important). Positive
Development would increase future options and return development to more natural conditions,
guided by the ecological context. Instead of investing in public relations, taking action and reporting
on resulting positive impacts would also make responsible councils and firms look better. While
we are getting better at tracking stocks and flows of materials, species and the like, reporting is
currently like learning to carry out a more accurate ‘stock-take’ of supplies in a depression. The great
US Depression of the 1930s was addressed by creating jobs that had long-term benefits for society
– not by measuring how fast we were emptying the shelves. To stretch the analogy, we are trading
off our resource stocks while gambling on the continued ability of nature to replenish the supplies
– an attitude which has been described elsewhere as a ‘cargo cult’.
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In short, to improve reporting,
we need to measure different things, in different ways, based on different starting points. But we also
need new indicators of what should be re-designed.
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