The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy


Cases with No Overt Movant



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4.2.6 Cases with No Overt Movant 
The 400-sentence corpus has 22 instances in total where 
there is no noun or clitic that could be understood as 
representing the 
MOVANT
. Spanish is not normally a pro-drop 
language when it comes to the direct object, so the lack of a 
MOVANT
could be meaningful. Table 10 shows the distribution 
of the sentences without a 
MOVANT
across the four verbs. 
This data could not be tested using a chi-square test because the expected value for 
each cell would be close to five (5.5 to be exact). That value is too low to be safely tested 
Table 8. 
Ranked list of 
MOVANTS
attracted to 
lanzar
 
 
NOUN 
lanzar 
A) 
ofensiva 'offensive' 
2.58E-52 
B) 
grito 'scream' 
1.18E-37 
C) 
carcajada 'laugh' 
1.53E-37 
D) 
ataque 'attack' 
1.08E-20 
E) 
mirada 'look' 
3.09E-18 
F) 
campaña 'campaign' 
8.32E-12 
G) 
piedras 'rocks' 
8.49E-05 
Table 9. 
Ranked list of 
MOVANTS
attracted to 
tirar
 
 
NOUN 
tirar 
1) 
piedra 'rock' 
1.58E-09 
2) 
piedras 'rocks' 
6.48E-06 
3) 
agua 'water' 
8.11E-04 
Table 10
. Sentences 
without an overt 
MOVANT
based on verb. 
no 
MOVANT
arrojar 

echar 
11 
lanzar 

tirar 
11 


93 | 
using a chi-square test (Gillham 2007:78). Still we can describe the semantics related to 
sentences without an overt 
MOVANT

All 11 sentences with 
echar
are part of the inchoative schema. This construction 
combines 
echar
with infinitival verbs and it expresses a notion of beginning an action. 
(108) Manuel se asustó tanto que 
ECHÓ
a correr. 
(CdE:19-F, The Storm) 
NAME CL.3
rd
scared much that throw.3
rd
to run 
‘Manuel was so scared that he started running’ 
The verb in this case has almost a grammatical function. Usually with 
reír 
‘to laugh’ 
and 
llorar 
‘to cry’, the inchoative sentences have a 
se-
form clitic. When combining with 
other verbs, such as 
correr 
‘to run’ and 
andar 
‘to go/walk’, there is usually no clitic. The 
inchoative schema are discussed in §4.3.5 
Tirar
also has instances of lacking a 
MOVANT
. With this verb, this characteristic is 
associated with specific meanings and uses. 
Tirar
can mean ‘to shoot’ in the context of 
discussing sports.
(CdE:19-N, Hon:Prensa:98May11) 
(109) Fue 
él
quien a los 28 minutos 
TIRÓ
violento 
desde 35 metros
. La pelota se fue 
besando el horizontal. 
‘It was 
he
, who at 28 minutes 
SHOT
with force 
from 35 meters
. The ball kissed the 
goalpost’ 
(CdE:19-N, Mex:Yucatán:97Jun20)) 
(110) 
Krassimir Balakov
… 
TIRÓ

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