li
in circuit, while the palace city is four
or five
li
in circuit; there are few inhabitants. Five or six
li
to the northwest
of the palace city is a monastery with very few monks, who study the teachings
of the Hinayana Saṃmitīya school. Beside the monastery is a stupa at the
place where the Tathāgata delivered the
Vimalakīrtinirdeśa-sūtra,
and Ratnā -
kāra, the son of an elder, and others offered a sunshade to him. To the east
is a stupa at the place where Śāriputra and others attained arhatship.
To the southeast of the stupa where Śāriputra attained arhatship is another
stupa constructed by the king of Vaiśālī. After the Buddha’s nirvana a former
king of this country obtained a portion of the Buddha’s relic bones, for which
he respectfully constructed this stupa. It is said in the
Record of India
that
there was originally one
hu
of the Tathāgata’s relics preserved in this stupa,
but King Aśoka opened it and took out nine
dou
of the relics, leaving only
one
dou
in the stupa. Later, another king wished to open the stupa again to
get the remaining relics but just as he had just started to do the work there
was an earthquake, so he dared not open the stupa.
To the northwest is another stupa built by King Aśoka, and beside it is a
stone pillar fifty or sixty feet tall with the figure of a lion on top. To the south
of the stone pillar is a tank that was dug by a group of monkeys for the Buddha,
as he once lived at this place in the old days. Not far to the west of the tank
is a stupa at the place where the monkeys took the Tathāgata’s almsbowl and
climbed into a tree to gather honey. Not far to the south of the tank is a stupa
at the place where the monkeys offered the honey to the Buddha. Some figures
of monkeys are still preserved at the northwest corner of the tank.
Three or four
li
to the northeast of the monastery is a stupa built on the
foundation of the old residence of Vimalakīrti (known as “Stainless Repu-
tation” in Chinese, formerly translated as “Pure Name.” However, “pure”
means “stainless” and “name” is equivalent to “reputation.” Although the
meaning is the same the name is translated in different ways. Formerly it
was wrongly transcribed as Weimojie). The stupa often reveals spiritual man-
ifestations. Not far from here is a deity’s house, which appears to be built
out of piled-up bricks, but according to tradition it was made out of stone.
184
Fascicle VII
This was the place where Vimalakīrti pretended to be ill and preached the
Dharma. Not far from here is a stupa built at the place of the old house of
Ratnākāra, the son of an elder. Not far from here is a stupa built at the place
of the old house of the woman Āmra[pālī]. The Buddha’s aunt and other
bhikṣuṇī
s realized nirvana at this place.
Three or four
li
to the north of the monastery is a stupa at the place where
human and nonhuman beings stood and waited while following the Tathāgata,
who was proceeding to the country of Kuśinagara to enter
parinirvāṇa.
Next,
not far to the northwest, is another stupa at the place where the Buddha
stopped and took a last look at the city of Vaiśālī. Not far to the south of this
stupa is a temple, in front of which is a stupa at the place where Āmra[pālī]
offered her garden to the Buddha.
Beside Āmra[pālī] Garden is a stupa at the place where the Tathāgata
announced the time of his nirvana. Formerly the Buddha told Ānanda at this
place, “One who has achieved the four constituent parts of supernatural power
can live for one
kalpa.
Now how long should the Tathāgata live?” He repeated
the question three times but Ānanda, having been stupefied by Māra, remained
silent and, rising from his seat, he went to sit quietly in the wood. At this
moment Māra came to the Buddha and said to him, “The Tathāgata has been
edifying the people in the world for a long time and those who have been
saved by you from the round of rebirth are as numerous as grains of dust and
sand. It is now the time for you to enjoy the bliss of nirvana.” The World-
honored One then took up a pinch of soil with his nail and said to Māra,
“Which is more, the amount of soil on the earth, or that on my fingernail?”
Māra said in reply, “There is more soil on the earth.” The Buddha said, “Those
I have converted may be compared to the amount of soil on my nail, while
those not yet converted are as numerous as the amount of soil of the great
earth. Nonetheless, I shall enter nirvana in three months.” On hearing this,
Māra was pleased and departed.
In the wood Ānanda had a strange dream and he came to tell the Buddha,
saying, “In the wood I dreamed that a big tree with luxuriant branches and
leaves, casting a dense shade, suddenly fell down in a gale. Does this indicate
that the World-honored One intends to enter nirvana? My heart is full of fear
so I have come to make this inquiry.” The Buddha said to Ānanda, “I told
you previously but you were stupefied by Māra and you did not promptly
185
908c
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
invite me to stay [in the world]. Māra urged me to enter nirvana soon and I
have given him the date. That is what your dream presaged.”
Not far from the place where the Buddha announced the time of his entering
nirvana is a stupa at the spot where one thousand sons saw their parents. For-
merly a
ṛṣi
lived in seclusion in a rocky valley. One day in mid-spring he
was rowing a boat in a clear stream, and a doe followed him to drink water.
Through inspiration the doe gave birth to a girl, who was exceedingly beautiful
but had feet similar to the hooves of a deer. Seeing the girl, the
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