li,
I came to
the Ganges River, the source of which is three or four
li
wide flowing southeast
to the sea; it is over ten
li
at its mouth. The water is dark blue in color with
great waves rising in it. Although there are many strange monsters [in the
river], they do not harm people. The water is sweet and fine grains of sand
come down with the current. According to local popular records, this river
is known as the Water of Blessedness and one’s accumulated sins can be
expiated by taking a bath in it. Those who drown themselves in the river will
be reborn in heaven to enjoy happiness, and a recently deceased person whose
corpse is thrown into the river will not fall into the evil states of existence
in his next rebirth. By raising waves and blockading the current the souls of
the dead will be saved.
109
891b
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
Deva Bodhisattva of the country of Siṃhala was a man learned in the theory
of reality; he understood the nature of all
dharma
s. Having pity for ignorant
people, he came here to enlighten them. At the time when all the people, men
and women, old and young, assembled at the banks of the river, raised waves,
and blockaded the current, Deva Bodhisattva mingled with them to draw up
the water and lowered his head to push the current in the reverse direction,
counter to the efforts of the other people. A heretic said to him, “Why are
you doing it in a strange way?” Deva Bodhisattva said, “My parents and
other kinsfolk are in the country of Siṃhala and I fear that they may be suf-
fering from hunger and thirst. So I am trying to send this water from afar to
save them.” The heretic said, “You are mistaken. You did not consider the
matter well and behaved erroneously. Your home country is far away, separated
[from here] by big mountains and rivers. To agitate the water here with the
hope of saving those who are hungry there is like someone who goes backward
in order to advance. This is unthinkable !” Deva Bodhisattva said, “If sinners
in the nether world can be benefited by this water, why could it not also save
the people separated [from here] by mountains and rivers?” The heretics then
realized their fault and acknowledged defeat. They renounced their erroneous
views, accepted the right Dharma, corrected their mistakes, and made a fresh
start by wishing to listen to the instructions [of Deva Bodhisattva].
Crossing the river to the east bank I reached the country of Matipura (in the
domain of Central India). The country of Matipura is more than six thousand
li
in circuit and its capital city is over twenty
li
in circuit. It yields rice and
wheat and has plenty of flowers and fruit. The climate is temperate and the
people are honest by custom. They esteem the learning of arts and crafts and
are learned in the art of sorcery. Half of the population believes in heterodox
religions and the other half in the right teachings [of Buddhism]. The king is
a
śūdra
by caste who does not believe in the buddha-dharma but worships
the
deva
s. There are over ten monasteries with more than eight hundred monks,
most of whom study the teachings of the Sarvāstivāda school of Hinayana
Buddhism. There are over fifty
deva
temples where heretics live together.
Four or five
li
to the south of the great city is a small monastery with over
fifty monks. Formerly the
śāstra
master Guṇaprabha (known as Deguang,
“Virtue Light,” in Chinese) composed at this place the
Tattva-satya-śāstra
110
Fascicle IV
and other treatises, totaling over one hundred books. The
śāstra
master was
eminently smart when he was young and when he had grown up he became
an intelligent, vastly learned, and versatile scholar, possessing a good memory
and erudite learning. At first Guṇaprabha studied Mahayana teachings but
before he could thoroughly understand these profound teachings he came
upon the
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