25–26 Jesus’ radical statement has challenged one of the basic cultural
assumptions that the disciples have hitherto taken for granted: can he really
mean what he has just said? While “save” in Matthew normally refers to
physical healing or rescue, see on 10:22 for its wider range of meanings.
Here its meaning is defined by the context in which it stands parallel to
“enter the kingdom of heaven/God” in vv. 23–24, which in turn picks up
from the young man’s question about gaining “eternal life.” The form of the
question suggests that in the disciples’ view the rich are more, not less, likely
to be candidates for salvation since their wealth is a sign of God’s blessing
on them; if they are excluded, what hope is there for anyone else? This
reaction depends on seeing salvation in terms of human worthiness, and on
that basis Jesus agrees with their interpretation of what he has said: if it
depends on human qualification, salvation is beyond the grasp of any. But
Jesus’ good news is of the kingdom of God, and under his gracious
sovereignty the situation is very different. Just as understanding the truth
about the kingdom of heaven depends on revelation being “given” (13:11),
so the salvation which depends on that understanding is possible with God.
The specific subject is salvation, but the maxim of v. 26 (which echoes the
spirit though not the words³⁷ of Gen 18:14; cf. also Zech 8:6) of course has
much broader application: where humanity is helpless, God can.
This very terse epigram is thus compatible with a Pauline doctrine of salvation
by grace not by works, but in this Matthean context its theological basis remains
undeveloped. The point is simply that salvation is ultimately a matter for God.
This may seem something of a non sequitur after the young man has asked about
gaining eternal life by doing something good and Jesus has replied in the same
vein; vv. 18–21 seem to suggest that it is humanly possible to find eternal life by
what one does. But what must be done was there understood in terms of
submitting to God’s sovereignty and following Jesus in a life of discipleship. It is
people who do that who are in a position to experience the divine “possibility”
which is here expressed (and which will be illustrated in 26:57 by Matthew’s
pointed description of Joseph of Arimathea as both “rich” and a “disciple”). The
young man exercised his freedom to decline God’s invitation, and it seems that
the God for whom everything is possible is not prepared to override that
decision. The pericope taken as a whole thus offers a salutary warning: anyone
can be saved by God’s grace, but this does not remove human responsibility. The
possible only becomes actual when Jesus’ call to “follow me” is freely obeyed.
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