But even this radical action of dispossession is not simply another “good thing”
to do; it is the prelude to something even more far-reaching. The imperatives
“sell” and “give” are followed by “come” and “follow;” the essence of Jesus’
demand is not disinvestment but discipleship. So the giving up of possessions is
not presented as a sacrifice²
desirable for its own sake, but rather as the means
to something far better—treasure in heaven. See on 6:19–21 for this theme. We
noted there that while the theme of reward is important in this gospel (and will
come to the fore again in vv. 27–29), it is too simplistic to speak in terms of a
transaction whereby the loss of earthly possessions “earns” treasure in heaven.
The parable which follows in 20:1–16 rules out any crude idea of quid pro quo
in this connection. It would be more appropriate to speak, in the language of
6:24, of a release from slavery to Mammon in order to be free to enjoy the
treasure of slavery to God. The release from material preoccupation is not in
itself the secret of eternal life; it is the introduction to a new way of life as a
disciple of Jesus: “follow me.” It is in this, rather than in the act of renunciation
and generosity alone, that the eternal life which the man is looking for will be
found. This is the treasure in heaven.
We noted above the suggestion that the command to sell everything and give
applies only to a special élite among disciples who aspire to be “perfect,” leaving
the rest of us to continue to enjoy our material security with a good conscience.
The monastic ideal has often fostered such a division among disciples, with the
holy poverty of the “religious” supported by the worldly goods of rank-and-file
believers. But such a reading is hard to square with 5:48, where Jesus has
declared that “perfection” is the proper goal of all disciples.³ Here, as there, the
term is used to contrast true discipleship with the inadequate spirituality of this
man’s merely law-based ethic (v. 20), the “righteousness of the scribes and
Pharisees;” and in 5:20 those who follow the latter are not “ordinary believers”
but fail to get into the kingdom of heaven at all. In practical terms some of those
who followed Jesus were called to dependent itinerancy while other disciples
supplied their needs (Luke 8:1–3 etc.), but this is a functional rather than a
spiritual distinction, and neither here nor elsewhere in the gospel is it suggested
that the former are “perfect” and the latter second rate. “Perfection” is the goal
for all disciples.³¹