27 The word for “cause to stumble” here is the same as “scandalize” in
15:12. On that occasion Jesus seems to have had no qualms about
“scandalizing” the Pharisees by his free attitude, so why is it different here?
Probably simply because the saying which caused the “scandal” in 15:11
was a matter of fundamental principle for Jesus, and one which exposed the
deep divide between his attitude to the law and that of the Pharisees,
whereas here it is simply a matter of custom where compliance, even if not
necessary, will do no harm, and to flout it would serve no useful purpose.
But R. J. Banks also notes the difference in the attitude of the people
involved: here, in contrast with the settled hostility of the Pharisees in ch.
15, we have simply people “seeking genuine information concerning his
attitude to their customary practice.”²¹ Whatever the reason, the principle
at stake is one which can and should be more widely applied: while there
are times when a disciple must make an unpopular stand and so alienate
others, many of the issues and practices on which we might legitimately
differ from conventional assumptions are not worth fighting over. Cf. above
on 7:6 where the issue of discrimination is discussed. A Christian
community which sets up “stumbling-blocks” only when it is really
necessary is likely to be more effective in mission. In 18:6–9 we will be
warned about the danger of stumbling-blocks in a pastoral context.²²
Jesus’ instruction to Peter presupposes that though they were willing to pay they
did not have the necessary money available²³—the half shekel for Jesus alone
was not a negligible sum, see above; if the tax was to be paid for all the disciples
a substantial amount would be needed. So Peter is to go out and get it by a
miraculous catch. The “silver coin” is a statēr,²⁴ a Greek coin normally
equivalent to four drachmas, and so sufficient to pay the two-drachma tax for
two people. See introductory comments above for the surprising fact that
Matthew does not tell us that the proposed miracle actually took place. A number
of ancient stories tell of finding something valuable in a fish that has been
caught: the most famous is the recovery of Polycrates’ ring (Herodotus 3.41–42),
but there are similar Jewish stories in b.Šabb. 119a; Gen. Rab. 11:4, and other
cultures provide numerous examples.²⁵ Such a background in popular folklore
makes it questionable whether Jesus would have issued such instructions in all
seriousness, and Matthew’s failure to mention that Peter did as he was told
leaves the pericope hanging in the air if it was meant to be an actual miracle
story.² Nor would a single statēr have gone far toward the total tax bill for
thirteen men. It seems to me more likely that Jesus’ words should not be taken at
their literal face-value but read in the context of popular belief as an ironical
comment on their lack of resources.²⁷ Whether Jesus and the Twelve did in fact
pay the tax, and if so how the money was raised, are questions which Matthew
tantalizingly leaves open.
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