Study Notes management accounting acca f2



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

Revenue income:
▪ Income from the sale of trading assets. It also includes interest and dividend received from 
investment held by the business. 
 
Capital expenditure budget:
▪ Capital expenditure budget is a long term plan and is considered very important for the business.
 
▪ Major expenses are required for it so most projects are considered individually and are fully 
appraised.
 
▪ Suitable finance must be arranged for capital expenditure.
 
▪ Capital expenditure should have a positive value for the business.
 
 
Investment appraisal: 
Investment appraisal techniques are required to determine: 
▪ whether a new project should be accepted 
▪ which of two (or more) projects to accept 
▪ whether to lease or buy a new asset 
▪ How to raise finance for the purchase of an asset 
Relevant and irrelevant costs: 
The cost which is useful for decision making is known as relevant 
cost. Relevant costing is used in long term decision making and investment decisions. The relevant 
costs are:
▪ Only cash items
Future cash flows 
▪ Incremental cash flows
Following are the examples of some important relevant and irrelevant costs

Past or Sunk Cost or Historical cost: 
Costs that have been incurred to date are past costs or sunk 
costs, irrecoverable costs. These are 
irrelevant
for decision making because we cannot change the 
past.

Committed cost: 
Costs that are already committed to be incurred regardless of the decision made. 
Committed costs are 
irrelevant
to decision. Mostly fixed costs are committed cost. 

Apportioned cost: 
All costs or charges being allocated but without the responsible manager’s 
control or not actual cost are 
irrelevant
for decision making. For example absorbed overheads, fixed 
overheads. 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 75 of 147 

Notional cost: 
A notional cost or imputed cost is a hypothetical accounting cost to reflect the use of a 
benefit for which no actual cash expense is incurred. For example Notional rent, notional interest, 
depreciation, provisions. These are non-cash items and 

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