The close connection between language and culture that is the basis of the ACL
approach brings us to the next point: intercultural learning, understanding of “the
other” (see, for example, Kramsch 1993). The goal of intercultural learning or
intercultural competence to date has been pursued mainly through texts and some-
times audio and video materials that generally are limited to transmitting facts and
figures and visual/auditory impressions of the other culture. Within an ACL ap-
proach, however, intercultural awareness raising and intercultural learning also can
be part of language analysis, grammar work, and vocabulary work. Learners realize
that the concepts in their mother tongue are not identical to those of the target lan-
guage; they discover the situatedness of language usage and may at the same time ac-
quire schematic social knowledge about the target culture because the choice of a
particular linguistic element or phenomenon is always a reflection of its social usage
and thus a symptom of its cultural contextualization.
Finally, we should consider the relationship between the relatively new fo-
cus-on-form approach and ACL. Although focus-on-form still distinguishes rigidly
between grammar and lexis, at least it focuses on the formal aspects of language.
Hence, this approach seems to be highly compatible with the ACL approach, in
which the main concern is with the “use of the language” but also with explanations
of linguistic phenomena themselves. ACL’s main aim is to make learners aware of the
motivation behind linguistic phenomena and to help them understand how the lan-
guage works.
Final Remark
In sum, I offer a short overview of the key points of ACL insofar as they are applica-
ble to foreign language teaching and learning. ACL can be considered a holistic ap-
proach, in which language is directly interacting with other mental capacities and all
linguistic elements are understood as motivated. The approach is user- and us-
age-centered, and the notion of culture is omnipresent; language and culture are re-
garded as inseparably intertwined. Probably the most important point—and the one
that differentiates ACL from other approaches—is that grammar and lexis are not re-
garded as separated but as governed by the same organizing and structuring princi-
ples, which helps learners understand and produce the language once they have un-
derstood these principles and strategies.
Thus, ACL may be considered an effective and motivating approach, using our
mental networks to their fullest potential (see Lamb 1999, 2000, showing how con-
nections are established in our brains). A major shortcoming, however, is that there
are hardly any teachers who have been trained in ACL—at least not in Germany,
though the situation probably is not much different elsewhere. This training remains
a task for the immediate future.
REFERENCES
Achard, Michel, and Susanne Niemeier, eds. 2004.
Cognitive linguistics, second language acquisition and
foreign language teaching
. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Austin, John L. 1962.
How to do things with words.
London: Oxford University Press.
Bach, Gerhard, and Johannes-Peter Timm, eds. 1996.
Englischunterricht
, 2d ed. Tübingen: Francke.
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