odamni ko‘rdim.) 4. It happened in a small town. (Bu hodisa bir kichkina
shaharda sodir bo‘ldi). 5. I have read it in a magazine.( Men buni bir jurnalda
o‘qidim.) 6. A man told me about it. (Bir odam bu haqda menga gapirdi.)
Ko‘pchilik hollarda suhbatdoshimiz yoki kitobxonga notanish shaxs yoki predmet
there is konstruksiyasi bilan kiritiladi: There is a telephone in the room.( Xonada
telefon bor.)
7. Noaniq ko‘plik sondagi predmetlarni ifodalash uchun darak va tasdiq ma’noli
gapda some, bo‘lishsiz va so‘roq gaplarda any ishlatiladi: He sent me some
magazines from Toshkent. (Toshkentdan bir nechta jurnal yubordi.) Did he send
you any magazines from Tashkent. He didn’t send any magazines from Tashkent.
Agar some yoki any ishlatilmasa, gapning ma’nosi o‘zgaradi: He sent me
magazines from Tashkent. (U menga (kitoblar emas) jurnallar yubordi. )
8. Noaniqlikni ifodalash uchun some/any o‘rnida many/few/a few ham ishlatiladi:
He bought a few books. (U bir nechta kitob oldi.) He bought few books.( U bir
nechtagina (ozgina) kitob sotib oldi).
Ko‘plik ma’nosini aniqlashtirish uchun sanoq sonlar ishlatiladi: two books, three
books. 1) Noaniq artikl hundre, million, score, dozen so‘zlaridan oldin one
o‘rnida ishlatiladi: a thousand, a million, a hundred. 2) noaniq artikl undov
gaplarda sanaladigan otlardan oldin ishlatiladi: What a clever man!( Qanday
aqlli odam!) What a fine building! (Qanday ajoyib bino!)
Undov gaplarda ko‘plik formasidagi sanaladigan otlardan oldin a/an ishlatiladi:
What beautiful pictures.( Qanday ajoyib rasmlar!)
Undov gaplarda sanalmaydigan otlardan oldin a/an ishlatilmaydi: What luck!
(Qanday omad!)
So‘roq gaplarda what so‘roq so‘zidan keyin otdan oldin a/an ishlatilmaydi: What
book did you buy yesterday?( Siz kecha qanday kitob sotib oldingiz?)
Such, quite, rather so‘zlaridan keyin sanaladigan otlardan oldin birlikda a/an
ishlatiladi: She is such a clever woman!( U shunday aqlli ayol!) She is quite a
young girl! (U juda yosh qiz.) It is rather a long story.( Bu haddan tashqari uzun
hikoya.) Sanaladigan ko‘plikdagi va sanalmaydigan otlardan oldin, bu
so‘zlardan keyin artikl ishlatilmaydi: These are such interesting books!( Bular
shunday qiziqarli kitoblar!) Have you ever seen such weather?( Biror vaqt
shunday havoni ko‘rganmisiz?)
Birlikdagi sifat aniqlovchili sanaladigan otlardan oldin, so va too so‘zlaridan
keyin a/an ishlatiladi: It is so simple a problem as it seems. (Bu tuyulganidek oson
muammo emas). It is too urgent a matter to postpone. (Bu shunday dolzarb
muammoki, uni qoldirib bo‘lmaydi.) Bunday konstruksiyalar ko‘plikdagi ot bilan
ishlatilmaydi.
The use of the definite article
(Aniq artiklning sanaladigan otlardan oldin ishlatilishi)
Yuqorida aytganimizdek, the aniq artikli that ko‘rsatish olmoshidan kelib
chiqqan. The bir sinfga tegishli shaxs va predmetlardan ajratilgan alohida shaxs
va predmetni ifodalaydi. Bunday ot individual ma’noga ega. The artikli o‘zbek
tilida bu, rus tilida etot, eti,tot, je so‘zlari bilan tarjima qilinadi. Ko‘pchilik
hollarda the tarjima qilinmaydi.
Konkretlashtirilgan otdan oldin ishlatiladi: The drawer of my writing table is
locked. (Yozuv stolimning tortmasi qulflangan.)
Qaysi shaxs yoki predmetligi kontekstdan aniq bo‘lsa: Please, close the window.(
Iltimos, derazani yoping.) Where is the Key?( Kalit qani?) Put your book on the
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