3.THE ARTICLE (Artikl)
O‘zbek tilida artikllar mavjud emas. Ingliz tili
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tabiati uchun artikllar xos
bo‘lib, ular otdan oldin ishlatiladi. Mazkur tilda ikki xil artikl ajratiladi: aniq
artikl va noaniq artikl. Noaniq artikl a va an formalariga ega bo‘lib, one , ya’ni
bir so‘zidan kelib chiqqan. a [ә] undosh harf bilan boshlanadigan so‘zlardan
oldin, an [әn], unli harf bilan boshlanadigan so‘zlardan oldin ishlatiladi: a book,
a student, a girl, a boy, an opera, an apple, an hour.
Aniq artikl the formasiga ega bo‘lib, ikki xil talaffuz etiladi. Undosh harf bilan
boshlanadigan so‘zlardan oldin [Әә], unli harf bilan boshlanadigan so‘zlardan
oldin [ӘI] the pen [Әә ‘ pen], the apple [ӘI æpl].
Aniq artikl qadimiy ingliz tilidagi se ko‘rsatish olmoshidan kelib chiqqan bo‘lib,
hozirgi ingliz tilida ham ba’zi hollarda shu ma’noni saqlab qolgan. Noaniq
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Raymond Murphy. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge Univercity Press. 1995. ; Качалова Н.К.
Практическая грамматика английского языка.Бишкек,1999.
artiklning ishlatishi predmetning ma’lum sinfga tegishliligini ko‘rsatadi. Aniq
artiklning ishlatilishi esa ma’lum predmet haqida so‘z yuritilganini anglatadi.
Artiklning ko‘plikdagi konkret otlardan oldin, mavhum va moddiy otlardan oldin
ishlatilmasligi bu otlarning umumiy ma’noga ega ekanligidan dalolat beradi.
The use of the indefinite article
(a/an noaniq artiklining ishlatilishi)
1.an noaniq artikli ma’lum sinfga tegishli konkret otlardan oldin ishlatiladi: I
wear a cap in summer and a hat in autumn. I always use a pen when I write.
2. Ko‘plikda noaniq artikl ishlatilmaydi: We wear caps in summer and hats in
autumn, when we write we always use pens.
3.Izohlovchi a/an artikli bilan ishlatiladi: My friend, a teacher of history, has a
good qualification. Mr. Toshov, a teacher of our University, took the first place
in the chess tournament.
Shunday izohlovchilar ko‘plikda bo‘lsa artikl ishlatilmaydi: Mr. Toshov and Mr.
Odilov, teachers of our university, took the first place in the chess tournament.
4.Agar qo‘shma otlashgan kesimning ot qismi yoki izohlovchi ma’lum sinfga
tegishli shaxs va predmetlardan ajratilib ko‘rsatilsa, the aniq artikli ishlatiladi:
There are the books you were looking for Mr. Toshov, the inventor of this
machine, is an old friend of mine.
5.Izohlovchi mashhur shaxs bo‘lsa ham u the artiklini qabul qiladi:Alisher Navoi,
the great Uzbek writer, was born in 15 …
Ma’lum sinfga tegishli har qanday shaxs va predmet ko‘zda tutilsa, a/an artikli
ishlatiladi: A child can understand it, but you are a grown up person.( Har qanday
bola buni tushunadi, ammo siz katta odamku ); A square has four sides.( Har
qanday to‘rt burchakning to‘rt tomoni bor.)
Bu holda ko‘plikdagi ot artikl qabul qilmaydi: Children can understand it.
Squares have four sides.
6. Suhbatimizga notanish biror shaxs yoki predmet haqida so‘z yuritilsa, a/an
noaniq artikl ma’nosini ifodalab one so‘ziga teng bo‘ladi: 1. He bought a book
yesterday.( U kecha bitta kitob sotib oldi.) 2. Show me a map of Europe.( Menga
Yevropaning xaritasini ko‘rsating.) 3. When I entered the room I saw a man
standing at the window.( Men xonaga kirganimda deraza yonida turgan bir
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