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PROBLEMS OF OCCUPATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN RAILWAY
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF JSC “RZD”
Aliev O. T., Batirova M. M.
Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
The article is devoted to the ongoing stage of reforming the production activities of
JSC «Russian Railways», which consists in the transition from a compensatory, costly
model of labor protection management to a modern system of professional risk
management. This approach, using the example of Russian Railways, is the main tentatively
process for Uzbekistan Railways.
At the current stage of reforming the production activities of Russian Railways,
the currently operating occupational safety management system is developing
towards a significant increase in its efficiency. The main problems that need to be
addressed are:
programs and measures designed to reduce the number of accidents and
their consequences are developed;
on the basis of undesirable events that have already occurred;
without deep analysis and consideration of all causal relationships;
the system and technology for assessing working conditions at a number
of workplaces is insufficiently effective and reliable;
the system of medical and preventive services
for employees currently
requires significant modernization.
It is possible to solve most of these problems by reforming the labor protection
management system, which consists in the transition from a compensatory, costly
labor protection management model to a modern occupational risk management
system, which makes it possible to implement preventive approaches to preserving
the health of workers in production and reduce all types of costs associated with
unfavorable working conditions.
The purpose of implementing a professional risk
management system is to
transition:
from the system of response to incidents and material compensation of
adverse consequences to the system of assessment and management of professional
risks and elimination of the causes of dangerous incidents on this basis;
from the system of formal punishments of employees for non-
compliance with the requirements of the current legislation to the system of economic
incentives for using safe work practices;
from the status list approach to the provision of compensations to their
determination based on the actual working conditions in the
workplace;
from an insurance system based on formal insurance rates, calculated
according to averaged indicators for the type of economic activity, to an insurance
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system based on individual rates determined by the actual values of occupational risk
indicators.
Modern methods that implement world experience aimed at studying the risks of
occupational injuries and occupational diseases are already beginning to be
introduced into the process of labor protection
management in Russia, but are still
poorly used. Nevertheless, the relevance of assessing professional risks for their
further management is beyond doubt, since it is much more effective to identify
potential risks, preventing the
onset of undesirable events, rather than reacting to
accidents that have already occurred.
To implement such approaches, at the suggestion of CBT, JSC Russian
Railways, in 2005, by order of JSC Russian Railways,
a methodology was
approved [1] developed by the Moscow Institute for Occupational Safety and
Ecology, which was subsequently tested in the structural divisions of the Moscow
Railway. The experience gained as a result of this has shown that it allows for risk
assessment only at the level of departments, but does not make it possible to carry out
a deeper analysis within the structural unit of the causes of industrial injuries in order
to reduce the risks of its occurrence by targeted action of corrective measures on the
highest risk values.
In 2008, the Rostov State Transport University developed an addition to this
method [2], which allows for a deeper analysis and risk assessment, but the analysis
is based only on the data on the incidents of injuries
and occupational diseases, the
volume of which is small for a qualitative and in-depth study. (on average, the
department has less than one accident per year). A similar approach is used in the
methodology [3] developed by JSC ‗VNIIJT‘. The methodology makes it possible to
analyze industrial injuries on the basis of an automated system using a database of
accidents on the railway network [4, 5].
Thus, we can conclude that the existing methods, on the one hand, do not
provide a comprehensive
analysis of occupational risks, since they do not allow
identifying those potential cases of industrial injuries that have not yet occurred, but
the likelihood of which may be high, and on the other hand, do not allow fully or
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