see also
conditional clauses; modal verbs
(can’t) bear 285i
(can’t) help 285f
(can’t) stand 285f, 285i
care 285c
case 539
cataphoric reference
see
reference,
cataphoric
catch 287e
categorically 146e
catenative verbs 539
auxiliaries do, be, have with 216
modal/aspectual meanings of 216
passive voice in verbs following 216
perfect aspect 216
progressive aspect 216
causative meaning 484, 539
certain 406
certainly 111, 146e, 248, 406, 433
certainty 406
challenge 286f
charge 286a
charge with 286e
check 285b, 285c, 285d
choose 285c, 285d, 285i, 285j
christen 287b
claim 285b, 285i, 497, 499
classes, open/closed 539
clause combination
apposition 318
coordination 307, 308, 309
embedded clauses 305, 315
independent/dependent clauses 305
nominal clauses 316
subordination 131, 270, 290, 295, 296,
296a, 306, 310, 311, 312, 506d
see also
adverbial clauses; relative
clauses
clauses 1f, 539
as class 1g
finite 290, 297
see also
declarative clauses;
exclamative clauses; imperative
clauses; interrogative clauses
functions of 269, 276
clauses – cont.
main and subordinate 270, 290, 295,
296, 296a, 506d
versus non-clauses 269
non-finite 290, 298
participants/processes/circumstances
274b
peripheral elements 274d
polarity 274a
structure of 269, 274c, 274d, 274e, 275
verb complementation patterns 274c
clearly 111, 146e
cleft structures 74a, 139, 211, 475c, 475d,
539
clipping 267a, 539
clusters
see
word clusters
coax 500c
coherence 124, 139, 539
cohesion 123, 539
and coherence 124
comparative forms 135
lexical repetition 138
linking adjuncts 136a–j
paragraph signals 139
parallelism 138
textual ellipsis 94a, 129
see also
reference; substitution
collective nouns 182a, 539
collocation 539
come/go
come 235a
come to 216
direction of action 30
go 219, 235a, 279b, 288a, 288c
go in/go into, come in/come into, go
to/come to 30
go on 285h
present perfect forms, use of 30
command 286f
commence 285f
comment 539
comment 285b, 497, 499
compare with 286e
comparison 460, 466, 539
adjectives
comparative/superlative forms 236c,
460, 468, 468a–c
inflected/not inflected 236c
irregular 464
multi-syllable 463
one-syllable 461
premodification of 466c
with than 466a
two-syllable 462
942 | Index
Cambridge Grammar of English
comparison – cont.
adverbs 162, 242
badly 465
short, with -er and -est 465
two or more syllables, with more and
most 465
well 465
clauses 471a
with as 471b
with as, than or which, that 471a
double the + comparative 471i
with as if and as though 471c
with like 471f
with rather than 471g
with the same 471e
with so, too, enough 471d
with superlatives 471h
comparative meanings 466b
comparisons of similarity 467
as … as 467a
like 467c
the same, similar 467b
comparisons over time 469
ever 469
increasingly 469
more and more 469
repetition of comparative
adjective/adverb 469
yet 469
determiners/pronouns 470, 470a
complain 285b, 286c, 499
complaint 497
complements 279, 539
adjective phrases 161a, 239b
and adjuncts 280a
adverb phrases 163a
apposition 279b
copular 161b, 239a, 247
general 279a
noun phrase complementation 141d,
169a, 169c, 172, 172a, 172b
object complements 279d
prepositions, complements of 164, 250,
256, 257
subject complements 279b, 279c
see also
verb complementation
completely 238d, 245b, 330
compound nouns
binomial phrases 168b
formed by phrasal verbs 168b
joined by of, at or in 168b
meaning of 168b
and noun modifiers 168b
plural forms 168b
compound nouns – cont.
pre-head item/head semantic
relationships 265b
proper names and titles 168b
structure of 168b
written form of 168b
compounding 539
concede 289a
concern 497
conclude 285b
concord 539
see also
agreement
concordance 539
condemn 287c
conditional clauses 448, 539
but for 456
in case, in case of 456
on condition that 456
in the event that 456
first conditional 449
with if 448, 453
even if 453
if, and politeness 459
if, in substitution structures 448
if and when 453
if he were to 453
if in non-finite clauses 453
if it were not for 453
if only 453
if with subjunctive forms were and be
159e, 458
only if 453
inversion, instead of if 458
lest 456
as long as, so long as 166, 312, 314d,
448, 456
and main clauses 448
modal verbs in 452
no conditional subordinator 448
otherwise 456
providing, provided that 456
real conditionals 450
second conditional 449
suppose (that), supposing 456
then, linking with 457
third conditional 449
unless and if … not 454
what if … ? 421a, 456
wh-conditional clauses 455
confess 285b, 286c, 499
confidentially 111
confirm 285b, 285c, 499
congratulate on 286e
Cambridge Grammar of English
Index | 943
conjunctions 166, 539
see also
coordination; subordination
connectors, connectives 539
consequently 136c, 152
consider 285b, 285c, 285d, 285f, 287a,
287b, 287c, 289b, 482b
considering 312
consist 350
contain 350
contemplate 285f
continue 285i, 499
continuous form 539
contracted forms 539
in academic texts 144e, 144f
apostrophes 233d, 506h
auxiliary verbs 31b, 233b
let’s 293a
modal verbs 380e, 418c
negative declaratives 291c, 435a
negative interrogatives 292c, 435b
question tags 300a
textual signals 144f
will/would 234d
conversely 152
conversion 539
convince 286c
convince of 286e
coordination 539
clauses 270, 307, 308, 309
coordinators 136a, 137, 166, 270, 307,
308, 539
copular verbs 539
complementation 161b, 227, 239a, 247,
279b, 282c, 288a
situational ellipsis, copular verb be 94e,
94g
copy tags 302, 533, 539
core modal verbs 539
corpus data
concordance information 3d
frequency information 3c
grammatical patterns 3h
insights into use 3f
quantitative and qualitative approaches
3e
spoken and written language variation
3c, 3d, 3e, 3g, 3h
use of 3b
word clusters 3g
correlative structures 308, 539
correspondingly 136b
cos
see
because/cos
could
see
can/could
count nouns 176, 539
and determiners 177a
identical singular and plural forms 177b
sort of, type of, kind of, class of with
177c
used as non-count nouns 181
see also
nouns
country/region names 528a, 528b
crown 287b
cry 500c
D
dare
as lexical verb 396
negative form of 396
as semi-modal verb 227, 234a, 396
see also
semi-modal verbs
de- 261, 434, 440
decide 285b, 285c, 285d, 285i
declarative clauses 290, 539
affirmative declaratives 291b
negative declaratives 291c
as questions, requests, directives 291d
structure of 291a
declare 287a, 287b, 287c
deem 287b, 289b
defer 285f
defining relative clauses 539
see also
relative clauses
definite article 539
see also
the
definitely 146e, 248, 433
degree adverbs 71a, 441, 539
deixis 92, 93, 539
adverbs 93a
and determiners 93a, 93b
general 93a
personal pronouns 93a
speech representation 493a
spoken grammar 91
delay 285f
delexical verbs 175, 475a, 539
demand 159e, 285i, 289a, 345, 405b, 422,
500b
demonstrative adjectives 187, 190a, 192
demonstrative pronouns 94g, 119b, 206
demonstratives 539
denial 497
deny 285b, 285f, 422, 499
deontic 539
depend 285c
dependent clauses 305, 315, 539
944 | Index
Cambridge Grammar of English
deprive of 286e
derivation 539
deserve 487
determine 289a
determiners 169a, 176, 539
agreement problems 195
modification of 163a, 187
order of 187
position of 187
and pronouns 190, 190a, 190c
and types of head noun 189
no restriction 189a
restricted to non-count or plural
count noun 189g
restricted to plural count noun 189e
restricted to plural count or non-
count noun 189f
restricted to singular count noun
189c
restricted to singular count or non-
count noun 189b
restricted to singular non-count noun
189d
zero determiner 187, 189g, 192, 196a
see also
a/an; all; another; any;
both/both of; each; enough; every;
little, a little/few, a few; much,
many/a lot, lots of; numerals; of;
several; some; such; the;
this/that/these/those
detest 285f
deverbal nouns 172a, 539
difficult 475h
diminutives 539
direct 286f
direct objects 278a, 278b, 539
see also
verb complementation
direct speech 539
see also
speech representation
directives 539
dis- 160a, 261, 434, 440
disagree 422, 422b
disclose 499
discontinuous adjective phrases 539
discontinuous adverb phrases 243
discourse 2f, 539
discourse markers 83, 92, 104, 539
actually 9b
adverbs 249
all 12d
anyway 17, 90, 106a, 107, 108a, 108d,
249
characteristics of 106a
clauses as 106b
discourse markers– cont.
closings 108a
commas with 506d
common spoken 107
fine 108a, 110
formal interactions 106c
functions of 106c
good 106c, 107, 108a, 110
grammatical forms of 106b
great 106c, 107, 108a, 110
if you like 109a
informal interactions 106c
in informal writing 121c
like 103a, 107
listen 106b, 108d
look 108d
lovely 108a
mean, I mean 52b
mind, mind you 53b, 136f
monitoring shared knowledge 109b
now, now then 54, 107, 108a
oh 57, 107, 108d
okay 106c, 107, 108a, 108c, 110
openings 108a
phrases as 106a, 106b
pragmatic markers 274e
with prepositional verbs 235f
reformulations 109a
in responses 110
right 69, 90, 106a, 106c, 107, 108a, 108c,
110
sequencing 108b
so 71d, 106c, 107, 108a, 108b, 108c, 108d
spoken features 106b
in spoken language 90, 91
topic management 108c, 108d, 118e
use of 106a
well 76b, 106c, 107, 108a, 108d, 109a
see also
response tokens
discover 285b, 285c, 285d, 287e
discuss 285c, 285d
disjunct 244, 246, 314a, 539
dislike 285f, 350
ditransitive complementation 52, 284,
286a–f
ditransitive verbs 539
do 219
adjuncts, position of 325c
as auxiliary verb
contracted forms 31b, 233b
interrogative, negative and emphatic
structures 31a, 159a, 227, 233a
uncontracted forms 31a
as lexical verb 31e, 227
Cambridge Grammar of English
Index | 945
do – cont.
and make 31f, 51b
in negative imperatives 435d
as substitute verb 31d, 227, 233a
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |