Microsoft Word metod t10. doc

Fries oral method
", "
the 
method of teaching reading by West
". We may find even such names as "hear-
say-see-say-read-write method" and other. 
All the methods existed in the history of teaching languages are grouped into 
four classes. It is certainly true that all four methods have survived intact and 
are still being used by some teachers somewhere in the world. The four following 
methods are archetypes-classic examples – and offer a clear picture of the way 
language teaching has developed in the present century. Teachers of English have 
concluded that no single method or approach is appropriate for all learning styles. 
A good lesson will therefore be one in which you use a smorgasbord of activities 
taken from a variety of sources. By varying your technique, you will give students 
of all styles the chance to shine some of the time. With this thought in mind, you 
can begin to appraise the language learning approaches used in the country in 
which you serve. Each method (approach) has something to offer. Our task is to 
identify AND
exploit those elements. 

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Below, we have selected for comment those methods which have had a long 
history and have influenced the contemporary methods of foreign language 
teaching, and live on in them. 
The Grammar Translation Method.
The grammar translation method looks upon language learning as an intellectual 
activity. Untill twenty-thirty years ago, this method was commonly used in 
Europe to teach Latin in schools. For a long time, it was uncritically assumed that 
this was the only way languages should be taught. It was transferred to the 
teaching of modern languages when they were introduced into schools, first 
as an optional and then as a compulsory subject. In a typical Grammar 
Translation class the main focus is on reading and writing, with little attention 
being given to speaking or listening. The method consisted of giving the pupils 
grammatical rules and 
paradigms
. Paradigms are lists of forms arranged 
according to a grammatical pattern. 
For example: Simple Present Indicative Active Tense of the verb "to go". 
Singular 
Plural 
First person 
I go 
We go 
Second person 
You go 
You go 
Third person 
He
She 
It - 
goes 
They go 
The central text for each lesson is literary. Passages are selected from 
authors such as M. Twain, Ch. Dickens or modern writers. These passages are read 
and then comprehension questions are asked and answered, first orally, then in 
writing. Grammar is taught deductively, through presentation and study of the 
rules, followed by practise through translations and exercises. 
Students were also given lists of vocabulary together with their translation 
equivalents in their mother tongue. And they were given grammatical rules 
such as the rule for the usfeage of some and any together with any exceptions to 
these rules. First students had to memorize all these" 
"facts" 
about the language 
and they were often tested on their knowledge by being asked to recite the 

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paradigms or give the translation of words. Or they were asked to