Jizzakh state pedogogical university named after abdulla kadiri foreign languages faculty

1.3. Psychological features of education of young learners
Young learners, generally considered to be children between the ages of 3 and 12, exhibit a range of physical features that are characteristic of their age group. Some common physical features of young learners include small stature, baby teeth, developing fine and gross motor skills, high energy level, rapid growth, and developing senses. Children in this age range tend to have a lot of energy and may need frequent breaks throughout the day to release their energy. It's important to note that while these physical features are common among young learners, every child is unique and will develop at their own pace.This age range is often when children are most receptive to language learning and can acquire new languages with greater ease and fluency than adults. Young learners in speaking may be learning basic vocabulary, sentence structures, and pronunciation, as well as developing their listening and comprehension skills. Effective language instruction for young learners often involves using engaging and interactive activities that are appropriate for their age and developmental level.
Physical features of young learners in speaking refer to the observable characteristics and developmental aspects that can influence and impact a child's ability to speak and communicate effectively. These features can vary depending on the age, developmental stage, and individual differences among young learners. Some of the key physical features influencing speaking skills include:
- Oral motor development: The development of muscles and coordination in the mouth, tongue, lips, and jaw is essential for producing speech sounds. As children grow, their oral motor skills improve, enabling them to articulate words more clearly.
- Respiratory control: Proper breath support and control are necessary for producing speech. Young learners are still developing their respiratory control, which can impact the volume, pitch, and duration of their speech.
- Auditory processing: The ability to process and interpret sounds is crucial for learning to speak. Young learners are still developing their auditory processing skills, which can affect their ability to understand spoken language and reproduce speech sounds accurately.
- Speech sound development: Children typically acquire speech sounds in a predictable sequence as they grow older. Some sounds, such as /p/, /b/, and /m/, are easier for young learners to produce, while others, like /r/ and /l/, may take longer to master.
- Vocabulary development: A child's vocabulary expands as they age, impacting their ability to communicate effectively. Young learners' limited vocabulary may sometimes make it difficult for them to express their thoughts and ideas¹⁵.
- Cognitive development: Cognitive skills, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving, play a significant role in speaking and language development. As these skills develop in young learners, their ability to understand and use language also improves.
- Social-emotional development: Interpersonal skills and emotional regulation are important aspects of communication. As children develop these skills, they become more adept at using language to express their feelings, thoughts, and needs.
- Physical growth: As young learners grow, their physical stature and strength can impact their speaking abilities. For example, taller children may have more developed respiratory and oral motor systems, making it easier for them to speak clearly and loudly.
Overall, the physical features of young learners in speaking are diverse and interconnected, and they can influence the way children communicate in different ways. As educators and parents, it's essential to be aware of these features to support children's language development effectively¹⁶.

Summary
Communication is a fundamental human need: Speaking is one of the primary means of communication, and it is essential for young learners to develop this skill as early as possible. By learning how to speak effectively, young learners can express their thoughts and ideas clearly, engage in social interactions, and build relationships with others. Cognitive development: Speaking also plays a crucial role in cognitive development. When young learners speak, they are not only communicating with others but also organizing their thoughts, making connections, and developing their vocabulary and grammar. Social and emotional development: Speaking skills can also contribute to the social and emotional development of young learners. By speaking with others, children learn how to express their feelings, empathize with others, and negotiate and resolve conflicts effectively. Academic achievement: Good speaking skills can also have a positive impact on academic achievement. Children who can speak confidently and effectively are more likely to participate in class discussions, ask questions, and understand the material better¹⁷.
Overall, teaching speaking skills to young learners is of theoretical importance as it contributes to their overall development, helps them communicate effectively, and enhances their academic performance¹⁸.