Improving esl learners' Listening Skills: At the Workplace and Beyond

Improving ESL Learners' Listening Skills: At the Workplace and Beyond

factors that affect the listening process

processes

selecting listening techniques and activities

steps in a listening lesson

The listener

Visual support

Content

The speaker

Top-down processing

Bottom-up processing

Relevant materials

Authentic materials

Opportunities to develop both top-down and bottom-up processing skills should be offered

The development of listening strategies should be encouraged

Pre - listening activities

While-listening activities

Post-listening activities

Listening tasks

Doing, choosing, transfering, answering, condensing, extending, duplicating, modeling, conversing