Ingliz tili ikkinchi fakulteti

Syntactic typology

is

concerned with

discovering

cross-

linguistic patterns in the formation of

particular constructions, whether those

constructions are phrasal, clausal, or

sentential.

168

49.

Nominative language

is a languagewhere the single argument

of an intransitive verb and the agent of

a

transitive

verb

(both

called

the subject) are treated alike and kept

distinct from the object of a transitive

verb.

50.

Ergative language

is

a language in

which

the

single argument ("subject")

of

an

intransitive

verb behaves

like

the object of

a

transitive verb,

and

differently

from

the agent ("subject")

of

a transitive

verb.

For

instance,

instead of saying "she moved" and "I

moved her", speakers of an ergative

language would say the equivalent of

"she moved" and "by me moved she".

51.

Word order

in linguistics typically refers to

the

order of subject (S), verb (V) and

object (O) in a sentence.

The

arrangement of words in a phrase,

clause, or sentence. In many languages,

including English, word order plays an

important

part

in

determining

meanings expressed in other languages

by inflections.

52.

Word order

typology is the study of the order of

the syntactic constituents of a

language, and how different languages

can employ different orders.

53.

Adjunct

is

an

optional,

or structurally

dispensable, part of a sentence, clause,

or phrase that, if removed or discarded,

will not otherwise affect the remainder

of the sentence. Example: In

the

sentence, John helped Bill in Central

Park, the phrase in Central Park is an

adjunct.

54.

Syntactic connections

are

syntagmatic

relations

observed

between syntactic units. They can be of

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					three	types	–	coordination,
					subordination, and predication.
55.	Adjective phrase (or			is a phrase whose head word is an
	adjectival phrase)			adjective, e.g. fond of steak, very
					happy, quite upset about it, etc.
56.	Asyndetic				is a linguistic construction) having no
					conjunction, as in I came, I saw, I
					conquered.
57.	Syndetic				denotes a grammatical construction in
					which two clauses are connected by a
					conjunction.
58.	The sentence				is the basic unit of syntax. It is
					different from other language units
					because it is a unit of communication.
					It is very difficult to give a definition
					of the sentence because it has many
					aspects. Every definition reflects this
					or that aspect but it cannot be
					considered as a universal one.
59.	The sentence				is central syntactic construction used as
					the minimal communicative unit that
					has its primary predication, which is
					actualized by		definite		structural
					scheme and intonation characteristics.
60.	A sentence				is a unit of speech whose grammatical
					structure conforms to the laws of the
					language and which serves as the chief
					means of conveying a thought. A
					sentence is not only a means of
					communicating		something		about
					reality but also a means of showing the
					speaker‘s attitude to it.
61.