284 SHOZIMOV, SULAIMANOV, S.
ABDULLAEV
ever, those Kyrgyz living in the area extending from Osh to Nookat, 40 kilometers
away, are not Ichkiliks, leaving the Nookat district with 30 clans or
sons of the
right and left wings who are culturally different.
The complex identity of the Ichkilik kinship group derives from the fact that
they adopted a sedentary way of life earlier than the other two groups. Thus, for
example, they no longer slay a horse for traditional celebrations, and do not carve
sheep into twelve parts, each piece of which has a symbolic meaning. For Ichkiliks
this hierarchy no longer has any significance. They do not cook the traditional
horsemeat stew (
beshbarmak)
, do not drink fermented mare’s milk (
kumys) and are
not involved in horse breeding. These disinclinations, along with different styles of
clothing and hair dress, set the Ichkilik identity off from that of other Kyrgyz, and
in the Ferghana Valley can easily lead to cultural confrontations among the Kyrgyz
themselves, quite apart from their relations with Uzbeks and Tajiks.
Once they became sedentary, Ichkilik Kyrgyz adopted many habits from neigh-
boring Tajiks and Uzbeks. Like Tajiks in the nearby Isfara district of Tajikistan’s
Sughd province, Batken Kyrgyz tend to be farmers who plant fruit trees, process
dried apricots, and grow rice—a far cry from their traditional horse-breeding. Es-
pecially in areas closest to Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, their dialects also separate
them from other Kyrgyz, who can barely understand their speech, with its strong
admixture of Tajik and Uzbek words.
Another marker of identity within the Kyrgyz part of the Ferghana Valley is the
cultural divide between mountain people and flat-landers. In the Osh district, resi-
dents of the mountainous Alai and Karakulzha areas look down upon those inhabit-
ing the plains, considering them Uzbek-ized farmers who are not straightforward
and open and who tend to kowtow to officials. What cannot be denied in this is
that the Kyrgyz of the plains are to a large extent under the influence of Tajik and
Uzbek forms of identity, both in economic and religious terms. Not surprisingly,
Islam in general and radical Islam in particular are more pronounced in Batken
province than in other Kyrgyz areas of the Ferghana Valley.
Across the entire Kyrgyz sector of the Ferghana Valley, one can observe a revival
of a traditional mode of life. This is manifested in the growing importance assigned
to clans, tribal ways, and the authority of religious institutions and rituals. The sub-
regions differ from one another only in the pace of this trend, with Batken province
leading the way. In Osh province this trend is most clearly evident in the plains rather
than the mountains. Related to this development is the pressure to return to traditional
weddings and funerals. Evident in Osh, Jalalabad, and Batken, this development is
hastened by members of the clergy, many of whom studied in Saudi Arabia, and also
by the government, which seeks to enlist the support of religious leaders.
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