274 BICHSEL, MUKHABBATOV, SHERFEDINOV
Konspektivnaia zapiska,
Sredgazgiprovodkhopok, Tashkent, 1969;
Skhema kompleksnogo
ispolzovaniia vodnykh resursov basseina Aralskovo moria. Osnovnye zadachi i napravlennost
rabot,
Sredgazgiprovodkhopok, Tashkent, 1970;
Skhema kompleksnogo ispolzovaniia vodnykh
resursov basseina Aralskovo moria,
Svodnaia zapiska, Sredgazgiprovodkhopok, Tashkent,
1973;
Utochnenie skhemy kompleksnogo ispolzovaniia i okhrany vodnykh resursov basseina
r. Syrdari. Korrektiruiushdaia zapiska,
Sredgazgiprovodkhopok, Tashkent, 1983.
15. O’Hara, “Lessons from the Past: Water
Management in Central Asia,” p. 376.
16. Thurman,
Modes of Organization in Central Asian Irrigation, p. 226.
17. E.L. Valentini, E.E. Orolbaev, and A.K. Abylgazieva,
Water Problems of Central
Asia,
Bishkek, 2004, p. 53.
18. O’Hara, “Lessons from the Past: Water Management in Central Asia,” p. 375.
19. Thurman,
Modes of Organization in Central Asian Irrigation, pp. 226–228.
20. F.E. Rubinova,
Izmenenie stoka r. Syrdari pod vliianiem vodokhoziaistvennogo
stroitelstva v ee basseine,
Gidrometeoizdat, Moscow, 1979; A.S. Khasanov and L.Z. Sher-
fedinov,
Aridnyi gidrogeologo-meliorativnyi protsess na primerie basseina Syrdaria,
Tashkent, 1987.
21. Thurman,
Modes of Organization in Central Asian Irrigation, p. 240.
22. Philip Micklin, “The Aral Sea Crisis and Its Future: An Assessment in 2006,”
Eurasian
Geography and Economics,
vol. 47, no. 5, 2006.
23. Thurman,
Modes of Organization in Central Asian Irrigation, p. 236; see also A.I.
Davydov,
Zemelnyi fond Uzbekskoi SSR i ego ispolzovanie, Tashkent, 1971;
Generalnaia
schema ispolzovaniia oroshaemykh zemel, vodnykh resursov i ikh okhrany v Uzbekskoi SSR
na period 1991–2005 gody. Osnovnye polozheniia,
Tashkent, 1990.
24. Natalia Mirovitskaya and Marvin S. Soroos, “Socialism and the Tragedy of the Com-
mons: Reflections on Environmental Practice in the Soviet Union and Russia,”
Journal of
Environment & Development
, vol. 4, no. 1, 1995, p. 84.
25. Ibid., p. 85.
26. Erika Weinthal, “Sins of Omission: Constructing Negotiating Sets in the Aral Sea
Basin,”
Journal for Environment & Development, vol. 10, no. 1, 2001, p. 52.
27. Mirovitskaya and Soroos, “Socialism
and the Tragedy of the Commons,” p. 103.
28. Mehmood Ul Hassan, Ralf Starkloff, and Nargiza Nizamedinkhodjaeva,
Inadequa-
cies in the Water Reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic: An Institutional Analysis,
International
Water Management Institute, Colombo, 2004, p. 9.
29. Mike Thurman,
Irrigation and Poverty in Central Asia: A Field Assessment,
World Bank, Washington, DC, 2002, www-esd.worldbank.org/bnwpp/documents/7/
IrrigandPovertyInCAvers2.pdf.
30. WUAs are non-commercial voluntary association of water users, financed by mem-
bers’ payments for water service delivery. Usually established along the boundaries of the
former state and collective farms, WUAs are intended to operate, maintain, and rehabilitate
the irrigation system, deliver water to the end users, purchase water from the state and col-
lect water fees from the users.
31. See, for example, Jenniver Sehring, “Irrigation Reform in Kyrgyzstan and Tajiki-
stan,”
Irrigation and Drainage Systems, vol. 21, nos. 8–9, 2007; Ul Hassan, Starkloff, and
Nizamedinkhodjaeva, “Inadequacies in the Water Reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic”; Kai
Wegerich, “Water User Associations in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan: Study on Conditions
for Sustainable Development,” Water Issue Study Group, School of Oriental and African
Studies, University of London, London, 2000.
32. Philip Micklin, “Water in the Aral Sea Basin of Central Asia: Cause of Conflict or
Cooperation?”
Eurasian Geography and Economics, vol. 43, no. 7, 2002, p. 516.
33. Deanne C. McKinney, “Cooperative Management of Trans-Boundary Water Resources
in Central Asia,” in
In the Track of Tamerlane: Central Asia’s Path to the 21st Century, ed.
Daniel L. Burkhart and Theresa Sabonis-Helf, Washington, DC, 2003, p. 195; Hammond
LAND, WATER, AND ECOLOGY 275
Murray-Rust et al.,
Water Productivity in the Syr-Darya River Basin, International Water
Management Institute, Colombo, 2003, p. 5.
34. Sarah O’Hara,
Drop by Drop: Water Management in the Southern Caucasus and
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