Ferghana Valley



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Ferghana Valley The Heart of Central Asia ( PDFDrive )

godnyi doklad Seti Etnologicheskogo monitoringa i rannego preduprezhdeniia konfliktov

ed. V. Tishkov, E. Filippovoi, Moscow, 2006, p. 47.
47. S.V. Golunov, Regionalnoe izmerenie, p. 81.
48. Research on Uzbekistan’s Sokh region in 2006 produced vivid evidence of the 
impact of remittances in the Ferghana Valley. One out of five households in Sokh received 
payments from family members abroad. As a result, Sokh had the lowest poverty rates, 
despite the fact that it is an Uzbek enclave within the territory of Kyrgyzstan and suffers 
economically from the absence of a border agreement between the two countries. See also 
Strategiia povysheniia blagosostoianiia naseleniia
, p. 47.
49. “Trudovaia migratsiia v stranakh Tsentralnoi Azii, Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Afganistane 
i Pakistane,” Analiticheskii obzor, Almaty, 2005.
50. E. Sadovskaia, “Formirovanie regionalnoi migratsionnoi sistemy,” http://migrocenter.
ru/publ/konfer/suzdal/m_suzdal02.php.
51. Golunov, Regionalnoe izmerenie, p. 83.
52. Ibid., p. 82.
53. “Rossiia budet zasasyvat naselenie Tsentralnoi Azii,” www.prim.regnum.ru/
news/892119.html.
54. Golunov, Regionalnoe izmerenie, p. 39.
55. M. Kakhan, “Sotsyalnye posledstviia globalnogo finansovo-ekonomicheskogo 
krizisa v Uzbekistane i puti ikh smiagcheniia,” in Mirovoi finansovo-jekonomicheskii 
krizis, 
p. 61.
56. Ibid.
57. Goskomstat SSSR, Naseleniia SSSR, 1988: Statisticheskii ezhegodnik,Moscow, 1989, 
pp. 24–25, 61, 68–69l; www.stat.tj/russian/database1.htm; www.stat.kg/stat.files/tematika/; 
Population Reference Bureau. “2009 World Population Data Sheet,” http://www.prb.org/
pdf09/09wpds_eng.pdf.
58. Goskomstat SSSR, Naseleniia SSSR, 1988, pp. 24–25; http://www.stat.uz/demo-
graphic/; www.stat.tj/russian_database/socio/number_of_constant_population.xls.
59. Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan, March 13, 2009, no. 68, “O 
dopolnitelnykh merakh po sovershenstvovaniiu administrativno-territorialnogo ustroistva 
naselennykh punktov Respubliki Uzbekistan,” Sobranie zakonodatelstva Respubliki Uz-
bekistana
, Tashkent, 2009, p. 130. 
60. Tug’ilganlar soni, www.stat.uz/STAT/index.php?%ru%&article=131.
61. Ibid.
62. Muhammad Keshavarzade et al., “Druzhba Koreia-Uzbekistan,” in Mirovoi finansovo-
ekonomicheskii krizis
.


252 ZOKIROV, UMAROV
63. “The economic situation in the Economic Commission for Europe region: Europe, 
North America and the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2008–2009,” United Nations, 
Geneva, July 6–31, 2009 http://www.un.org/regionalcommissions/crisis/ececis.pdf.
64. “OON: rost v Uzbekistane budet ustoichivym,” www.gazeta.uz/2009/06/09/ 
ecosoc/.
65. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, Tashkent, 2009,
p. 113.
66. Osnovnye pokazateli sotsialno-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia Respubliki Uzbekistan v 
2009 godu, www.stat.uz/STAT/index.php?%ru%&article=27.
67. Krizis, vyzvannyi glubokimi kachestvennymi izmeneniiami v sisteme pri perekhode 
ego iz odnogo sostoianiia v drugoe
, Dushanbe, 2009.
68. Nuriddin Kaiumov, “Pervye uroki globalnogo ekonomicheskogo krizisa,” in Mirovoi 
finansovo-ekonomicheskii krizis
, pp. 143–44.


253
11
Land, Water, and Ecology
Christine Bichsel (Switzerland), with
Kholnazar Mukhabbatov (Tajikistan) and
Lenzi Sherfedinov (Uzbekistan)
As the preceding chapters have shown, the different ecological zones of the Ferghana 
Valley have been used for agriculture and animal husbandry over many centuries.
1
The lowlands and plains have been the sites of irrigated agriculture for millennia. 
Their arid, continental climate necessitates the supply of additional water, which 
always has been drawn from the Syr Darya and its tributaries. Traditionally, the 
plains were inhabited by sedentary populations, with the foothills and mountain 
zones devoted to pastures and animal husbandry.
Technical innovation and agricultural expansion during the second half of 
the twentieth century brought the foothills into the range of irrigated agriculture. 
Customarily, they were the realm of permanent nomads or of peoples who prac-
ticed seasonal migration. However, a long process of converting these peoples to 
a sedentary way of life, which the policies of the tsarist Russian Empire and the 
Soviet Union intensified, has changed the lifestyle of these populations. As previ-
ous chapters have pointed out, agriculture and animal husbandry never have been 
mutually exclusive practices in the Ferghana Valley, but frequently were, and are, 
complementary and closely interrelated strategies for earning a livelihood. Hence, 
it is useful to focus on the history of irrigated agriculture in the Ferghana Valley, 
which is central to the region’s social, economic, and political development,
2
in-
asmuch as the valley currently accounts for 45 percent of the total irrigated area 
within the Syr Darya basin.
3

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