ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SINCE 1991 249
it has productive chemical, petrochemical, hydropower, automotive, food processing,
and construction materials industries, and the valley is a world-class producer of cot-
ton, silk, and vegetables. But the economies of both the Kyrgyz and Tajik sectors of
the Ferghana Valley remain in deep crisis, and while Uzbekistan’s Ferghana provinces
have fared relatively better since independence, they still suffer from a severe shortage
of remunerative jobs and overall are performing far below their potential.
Many factors contribute to these outcomes, but one in particular bears emphasis.
Economic ties among the bordering areas in the region are very weak. The number
of joint ventures between neighboring sectors of the Ferghana Valley is extremely
low, and the region’s potential for border trade, let alone transit trade, remains largely
untapped. Few if any of the natural intra-regional synergies that could assure the
valley’s
prosperity have been embraced, let alone exploited.
This will not change until the central authorities in all three countries delegate
to local authorities sufficient powers of initiative to develop border trade, invest-
ment, and joint ventures, and to facilitate the movement of workers across the
local borders. There is ample international experience in this area, and several of
the most successful cases could serve as models for authorities in Bishkek, Du-
shanbe, and Tashkent as they seek to build up profitable cross-border economic
ties. One of many obvious measures would be to provide citizens of neighboring
regions in each country with identification cards that would enable them to trade
and work in adjacent Valley areas. Such procedures are entirely compatible with
strong sovereignties and the protection of secure borders. Enclave areas such as
Chorsu, Vorukh, and Altyn-Topkan in Tajikistan, and Shakhimardan and Sokh in
Kyrgyzstan suffer particularly from the absence of such arrangements, but so do
citizens of the broader Ferghana provinces of the three countries.
Notes
1.
O’zbekiston milliy entsiklopediyasi, vol. 9, Tashkent, 2005, p. 199.
2. “Poleznye iskopaemye,” www.tajik-gateway.org/index.phtml?lang=ru&id=163.
3. The Jalalabad oblast is home to Toktogul, the region’s largest hydroelectric generat-
ing reservoir, which has a storage capacity of more than 14 billion cubic meters, allowing
for the long-term flow regulation of the Naryn/Syr Darya water system for irrigation in
Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.
4. “Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1990 g.,”
Finansy i statistika, 1991, p. 12;
Uzbekistan
v tsifrakh v 1990 godu: Kratkii statisticheskii sbornik,
Tashkent, 1991, p. 3.
5. Population Reference Bureau, 2009 World Population Data Sheet, www.prb.org/
pdf09/09wpds_eng.pdf.
6. A.Kh. Khikmatova, ed.,
Uzbekistan: desiat let po puti formirovaniia rynochnoi
ekonomiki
, Tashkent, 2001, p. 23.
7.
Richard Pomfret, “Sravnitelnyi analiz natsionalnykh strategii po sokrashcheniiu
bednosti:
Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,”
Economicheskoe obozrenie, 1998.
8. Richard Pomfret, “Tsentralnaia Aziia: rezultaty ekonomicheskogo razvitiia,”
Beyond
Transition Newsletter,
October–December 2006.
9. According to the report by the Eurasian Economic Community: Economic Pull,
www.evrazes.com.