The Ferghana Valley in the Global Financial Crisis
The financial crisis that began in 2008 and enveloped the entire world inevitably
affected the Ferghana region, but its impact varied dramatically among the three
Valley states. Particularly hard hit were world prices for such important local
commodities as cotton, aluminum, and other raw materials, as well as remittances
from migrant workers abroad.
Through a combination of good fortune and good planning, Uzbekistan weath-
ered the crisis relatively well,
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with the UNDP reporting stable growth for 2009,
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compared to –4.2 percent for the Euro zone,
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and a strong +7 percent thereafter,
according to the IMF
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On the eve of the crisis Uzbekistan could not have borrowed
heavily even had it wished to do so, and its economy was therefore unleveraged
when the crisis hit. At the same time, the government prudently insured private
savings accounts, thus preventing runs on banks. Thanks to this, the Uzbek sector
of the Ferghana Valley continued to experience moderate growth throughout the
crisis, with 2009 production in Andijan province growing by 9.6 percent and in
Namangan by 9.9 percent.
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Tajikistan’s finances were also unleveraged on the eve of the crisis, but the
economy was fragile and susceptible to external shocks.
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Even in 2008 its GDP
had fallen back to 73 percent of its 1990 level. Disagreements with Uzbekistan
over water use at Tajikistan’s Nurek hydroelectric plant caused an energy crisis in
2007–9, which cut the flow of electrical power to most of the national economy
for all but a few hours a day. As a result, production of Tajikistan’s chief export,
aluminum, fell at precisely the time that the world price for aluminum was plum-
meting. This, along with a 30–40 percent decline in remissions from Tajiks working
abroad, fomented a crisis that required assistance from the World Bank, IMF, and
other international financial institutions and donors.
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Kyrgyzstan’s external debt on the eve of the crisis amounted to more than 60
percent of GDP. The production of gold from a single mine, Kumtor, accounted for
a quarter of GDP, but this source was being rapidly depleted. Russia stepped in with
promised loans of $2 billion, aid totaling $150 million, and $180 million of debt
forgiveness. But these measures did not counter the finanacial drain caused by large
international purchases of grain and natural gas, and decreases in remittances from
migrant workers abroad. The resulting crisis was felt particularly in already impov-
erished mountain areas like Naryn and in the south, notably the Ferghana region.
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