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RECOMMENDED TRANSLATION:
Calque and DT
Выкуп контрольного пакета Vykup kontrol’nogo paketa
L.t.: repurchase of a control package
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The term buy-out can have the same phonetic form in Russian as a result of transcription:
*бай-аут; however, such a pattern does not exist in Russian. In this respect, the descriptive equivalent of the English term seems to be the most relevant one: выкуп контрольного пакета акций компании (IFC) (vykup kontrol’nogo paketa akciy kompanii; L.t.: the process of buying out the majority stake of a company).
According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the form of the term buy out with the meaning of “the purchasing of a controlling share in a company” first appeared in 1976 and derives from the “verbal phrase buy out “purchase someone’s estate and turn him out of it” dating from the 1640’s (Online Etymology Dictionary). In Russian the term can be made explicit only by describing its meaning in English: выкуп контрольного пакета акций компании (IFC) (buy-out/repurchase of a control package of shares) (see table 8). The term form in the target language matches the definition of the source term exactly. The use of descriptiveness is justified because the form of the source term cannot be shaped in Russian: phrasal verbs do not exist in Russian. The use of Direct Loan can result in a non-transparent, inharmonious term form.
DT has also been used for the derivatives of the term. It indicates that the term form is fixed in the field of Corporate Governance. Leveraged buy-out (LBO) has the following equivalent in Russian: выкуп контрольного пакета акций компании за счет кредита (IFC) (vykup kontrol’nogo paketa akciy kompanii za schjot kredita, L.t.: the buy out of a control package of shares at the expense of a loan). Management buy-out is also translated using DT: выкуп компаний (их) менеджментом (Ruscorpora) (vykup kompanij (ih) menedzhmentom, L.t.: the buy out of companies by their management). Both terms are widely used in the field of Corporate Governance:
Management/employee buy-out: “Большинство операций венчурного капитала заканчиваются продажей на торгах (включая management buy-outs или выкуп контрольного пакета акций компании её же управляющими и служащими и management buy-ins или приобретение группой посторонних профессиональных менеджеров контрольного пакета акций компании)” (ОECD, 2007, p. 84) (L.t.: the purchase of a control package of shares of a company by its own managers and employees).
Leveraged buy-out: Выкуп контрольного пакета акций компании с использованием заемных средств (CBSC) (L.t.: a purchase of a control package of shares with the use loan means).
The source term has no variation, but the Russian term favors different variations, which makes it less precise: выкуп контрольного пакета акций (Ruscorpora) (vykup kontrol’nogo paketa akciy, l.t.: repurchase of a control package of shares); выкуп контрольного пакета (Ruscorpora) (vikup kontrol’nogo paketa; L.t.: repurchase of a control package). These terms are more efficient in practical use, because they are not restricted by the term component “of a company” (see table 8). In addition to this, the abovementioned term forms created by Pure DT are more frequently used in Ruscorpora, than the term выкуп контрольного пакета акций компании (IFC) (vykup kontrol’nogo paketa akciy kompanii; L.t.: buy-out/repurchase of a control package of shares). The term выкуп контрольного пакета (Ruscorpora) (vykup kontrol’nogo paketa; L.t.: repurchase of a control package) is used in as many as 16 Ruscorpora documents. Its form is both short and convenient and excludes repetition within a sentence. For this reason it may be recommended as the translation for the English term buy-out.
Calque and DT. Figurative Meaning
Translators tend to resort to DT and Calque in order to preserve not only the initial form of a source term, but also to restore the figurativeness of a term. Pure DT can also be used to translate the figurative meaning of a term; however, this term method is used to disclose the meaning of a term, i.e. it is rarely used when the figurativeness is preserved. The term shares lock-up, mentioned below, received a number of possible translation equivalents in Russian and its figurativeness has been preserved in most cases.
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